Question | Answer |
Limnos | Latin for marsh or a wet place |
Lentic System | standing water ecosystems |
Lotic System | flowing water ecosystems |
reservoir | artificial lentic ecosystem |
rock pool | tinajas, gnammas, or pot holes |
tree hole | small pools of water inside trees but open to the air; caused by decaying matter |
temporary streams | flow during part of the year and dry up for part of the year |
intermittent streams | flow above the surface in certain places and below in others |
What are the 4 factors that are independent measurements of a Lentic Ecosystem? | Area, Depth, Volume, Shape |
What is the dependent factor of a Lentic Ecosystem? | Shoreline |
Dendritic Pattern | "angry dragon;" occurs when a river is dammed; water backs up and floods the tributaries |
Lake Position: (-3) | highest elevation; water only leaves by evaporation; fed only by direct precipitation to the surface or watershed runoff |
Lake Position: (-2) | fed only by direct precipitation to surface or runoff; leaves by evaporation or ground seepage |
Lake Position: (-1) | fed by direct precipitation, runoff, and groundwater; leaves as seepage or streamflow |
Lake Position: (1) | fed by precipitation, surface flow, and groundwater; leaves as groundwater and permanent streamflow |
Lake Position: (2) | fed by precipitation, surface flow, groundwater, and streamflow; leaves by evaporation, groundwater, and streamflow |
water turnover | length of time it takes for every water molecule to be replaced in a body of water; aka recharge time |
Alpine glaciation | occurs in mountains, right below highest peaks; glaciers cut out depression |
Cirque | depression on the side of a mountain, created by a glacier |
Tarn | depression on the side of a mountain, created by a glacier, that is filled with water |
Continental glaciation | glaciers scour the surface, digging narrow valleys and creating glacial till |
proglacial | water runoff proceeded the glacier, filling shallow basins |
caused floods of Biblical proportions with a wall of water 600ft high | glacial Lake Missoula |
kettle ponds | big chunks of ice fell off of glaciers and eventually melted into the depressions they caused |
alluvial dam | faster river deposits sediment at the mouth of the slower river, causing a dam |
habitat tracking | organisms will find their habitat and live there no matter what |
Lake Vostok | named after one of Russia's early satellites; under more than 1km of ice, 4km deep and as big as Lake Erie; located in Antarctica |
oxbow lake | a cut off meander of a stream/river |
karst topography | formed by limestone being diluted, forming caved |
permafrost | permanently frozen soil; when it collapses, some will melt and fill the depression |
graben | depressed block of land bordered by parallel faults; the result of a block of land being downthrown producing a valley with a distinct scarp on each side |
tectonic activity | movement of Earth's crust |
example of a graben | Lake Tahoe |
caldera | cauldron-like volcanic feature usually formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption |
example of a caldera lake | Crater Lake |
orogeny | the natural process of mountain building |
viscosity | describes a fluid's internal resistance to flow |
When is water density the greatest? | At 4 degrees Celsius |
two ions that disrupt the freezing point and cause a freezing point depression | sodium and hydrogen |
turbidity | the ability for light to penetrate |
fetch | distance wind travels uninterrupted across a body of water |
seiche | occurs when the wind is blowing strong enough to push all the water to one side of the lake |
spring overturn | oxygen and temperature remain fairly constant |
Dimictic | has both autumnal and vernal overturns; lake freezes in winter |
Monomictic | has only autumnal overturn; doesn't freeze in winter |
Amictic | has no overturn; permanently covered in ice |
Polymictic | usually tropical and shallow; overturns and stratifications occurs often, based on wind speed |
Meromictic | monimolimnion has a high concentration of a substance (usually carbon dioxide); when it's turned, all of that substance is released into the atmosphere |
the layers in a lake | epilimnion - metalimnion - hypolimnion - monimolimnion |
orthograde oxygen profile | dissolved oxygen profile is uniform |
clinograde oxygen profile | stratification is visible |
positive heterograde oxygen profile | algal plate |
negative heterograde oxygen profile | bacterial plate |
thermocline | located within the metalimnion; point at which temperature is changing fastest |
chemocline | thin band between the hypolimnion and the monimolimnion where the concentration of chemical X increases |