Question | Answer |
What are organelles? | they carry out specific functions within a cell. |
What is the cell wall? | a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants. |
What is the function of the cell wall? | It supports the cell and protects it |
What is the cell membrane? | controls what substances come in and out |
Why does a plant cell with a cell wall need a cell membrane? | The cell wall separates the cell from the outside environment, but it cannot control all substances that come into and out of the cell |
What is the function of the nucleus? | directs all of the cell’s activity |
What keeps the material in the nucleus from spilling out? | Nuclear envelope |
What is the Chromatin? | in the nucleus, contain genetic material (the instructions for directing the cell’s functions) |
What is the Nucleolus? | it is where organelles that make protein are produced |
What is Mitochondria? | known as the powerhouses of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions |
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum? | passageways carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another |
What is a ribosome? | they the produce proteins |
How do ribosomes, Golgi bodies and the endoplasmic reticulum work together? | Ribosomes make proteins that are released through the endoplasmic reticulum and moved to the golgi bodies. Golgi bodies move materials around and outside the cell. |
Why are chloroplasts found only in plant cells? | Because plants are autotrophic and animals are heterotrophic |
Which organelles are found only in plant cells? | The cell wall and chloroplasts |
Which are found on both plant and animal cells? | Everything else |
What is a Lysosome? | small, round structures containing chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell |
List the functions of the following cells. | Nerve cells: carry information throughout the human body
Red blood cells: carry oxygen throughout the human body
Bone cells: produce chemicals that strengthen the bones in our body |
How does the location of the genetic material in the bacteria differ from its location in animal and plant cells? | Bacterial cell- the genetic material is located in the cytoplasm
Plant and animal cell- the genetic material is found in the nucleus |
What are ALL cells surrounded by? What does it do? | a cell membrane, it separates the cell from its outside environment and controlled what went in and out of the cell |
What does Selectively permeable mean? | it means that some substances can pass through while others cannot |
What is the main way small molecules move across the cell membrane? | Diffusion |
In what direction do molecules move during diffusion? | From an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
Suppose a permeable membrane separates salt solutions with concentrations of 5 g/L and 7 g/L. Which way will the salt diffuse across membrane? | From 7 to 5 |
What would happen if the concentration of oxygen molecules outside the cell was lower than inside the cell? | It would go out of the cell |
What is Osmosis? | the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane |
What are the 2 different types of passive transport? | Diffusion and osmosis |
What is Active transport? | the movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy |