Question | Answer |
Maturation of pre-RNA molecules is | RNA processing |
RNA processing occurs in the | nucleus |
Cap (7-methylguanosine) and tail (poly A 150-250 adenylated) are added in | RNA processing |
Introns(intervening nucleotudes) spliced out by splicesome- (snRNPs-short nucleotide ribonucleoprotein complex) and exons (expressed nucleotides) come together in | RNA processing |
The Finished product of RNA processing is a mature RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus to the | cytoplasm |
Carries the message for a specific protein,Made up of 500 to 1000 nucleotides long,Made up of codons (sequence of three bases:AUG - methionine),Each codon, is specific for an amino acid | mRNA |
Made up of rRNA is 100 to 3000 nucleotides long,Important structural component of a ribosome,Associates with proteins to form ribosomes | rRNA |
With proteins, forms complexes that are used in RNA processing in eukaryotes (Not found in prokaryotes) | small nuclear RNA |
Function as post-transcriptional regulators that bind to mRNA, silencing it | micro RNA |
Like miRNA interferes with gene expression by binding to the mRNA transcripts, facilitating their degradation | small interfering RNA |
mRNA used to make polypeptide chain (protein) in | translation |
Made up of 75 to 80 nucleotides long and Picks up the appropriate amino acid floating in the cytoplasm (amino acid activating enzyme | tRNA |
Transports amino acids to the mRNA, Have anticodons that are complementary to mRNA codons, Recognizes the appropriate codons on the mRNA and bonds to them with H-bonds | tRNA |
Are the three parts of translation | initiation, elongation, and termination |
Creation of genetic variation | Gene Transfer |
How does bacteria produce genetic diversity? | Genetic exchanges and Mutations |
Three methods of genetic exchange in bacteria are | Transformation, Conjugation, and Transduction |
In transformation,Bacteria can pick up and incorporate DNA left behind by cells that have _____ (can be from the same or different species) | died |
Results in new genes being acquired;Example: Can result in acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes | transformation |
Extensively used in the lab for recombinant DNA technology | transformation |
is a process in which DNA is transferred from bacterial donor, F+ cell to a recipient, F- cell by direct contact | conjugation |
The transfer is mediated by a tube-like structure called a ____, formed between the cells, through which the plasmid DNA passes | pilus |
Once in contact, conjugation, DNA transfer is ______. The lagging strand template peels away… and is transferred to the recipient | unidirectional |
The ______ template is replicated in the donor while the lagging strand template is replicated in the recipient… so that both cells wind up with the plasmid | leading strand |
Cells with the F plasmid integrated into the bacterial chromosome are known as | high frequency recombination cells |
When an Hfr cell undergoes conjugation, the process of transfer of the _____ is initiated in the same manner as in an F+ cell | F factor |
However, because the F factor is part of the bacterial chromosome, transfer from an Hfr cell also includes DNA from the | chromosome |
Transfer of genetic material between bacteria cells via virus | transduction |
Bacterial chromosome degraded by | viral enzymes |
Pieces of bacterial DNA may be mistakenly packaged in a new virus instead of | viral DNA |