Question | Answer |
Hydralazine | - produce selective dilation of arterioles |
Nitroglycerine | - produce selective dilation of veins |
Prazosin | - produces dilation of arterioles and veins |
Drugs that dilate resistance vessels(arterioles) cause a decrease in? | - cardiac AFTERLOAD |
Drugs that dilate capacitance vessels (veins) reduce the force with which? | - blood is returned to the heart, which reduces ventricular filling = decreased cardiac PRELOAD |
Vasodilators commonly cause Postural Hypotension | - fall in blood pressure brought on by moving from a supine to standing position. caused by relaxation of smooth muscle in veins |
Vasodilators cause an increase in? | FALLS |
Reflex Tachycarddia | - prevented with use of a beta blocker |
Expansion of blood volume is caused by? | - prolonged use of arteriolar venous dilators |
Hydralazine | - causes selective dilation of arterioles |
Hydralazine uses: | - essential hypertension (always include beta blocker and diuretic)
-Hypertensive crisis: (IV)used to lower blood pressure rapidly
-Heart failure |
Hydralazine adverse effects: | - Reflex tachycaria
- increased blood volume (prevent w/ diuretic)
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus- like Syndrome
- headache, dizziness, weakness, fatigue |
Hydralazine drug interactions: | - Other hypertensive agents need to be monitored to avoid excessive hypotension
CAN BE GIVEN WITH: beta blockers & diuretics |
MINOXIDIL | - Produces more intense dilation than hydralazine with more serious adverse effects
-RESERVED for patients w/ severe hypertension |
Minoxidil | - produces selective dilation of arterioles |
MINOXIDIL USES: | - Severe hypertension ONLY
- Should be used with beta blocker and diuretic therapy |
MINOXIDIL adverse effects: | - Reflex Tachycardia: beta blocker to prevent
- Sodium and water retention: MUST BE USED with LOOP DIURETIC or dialysis
- Hypertrichosis: excessive hair growth (AKA ROGAINE)
- Pericardial effusion
- nausea, h/a, breast tenderness etc |
Sodium Nitroprusside | - HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCIES!!!***
- used for producing controlled hypotension in surgeries |
Sodium Nitroprusside | - causes arteriolar and venous dilation |
How is Sodium Nitroprusside given? | IV infusion (BP can be adjusted to any level)
- can trigger retention of sodium and water
- originally powder form then diluted for IV |
Sodium Nitroprusside metabolism | - contains five cyanide groups |
Sodium Nitroprusside Adverse effects | - excessive hypotension
- cyanide poisoning
- thiocyanate toxicity |
Color of fresh solution of Sodium Nitroprusside? | - faint brown color
- other colors (blue, red, green) should be discarded |