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CH 46
Vasodilators
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hydralazine | - produce selective dilation of arterioles |
| Nitroglycerine | - produce selective dilation of veins |
| Prazosin | - produces dilation of arterioles and veins |
| Drugs that dilate resistance vessels(arterioles) cause a decrease in? | - cardiac AFTERLOAD |
| Drugs that dilate capacitance vessels (veins) reduce the force with which? | - blood is returned to the heart, which reduces ventricular filling = decreased cardiac PRELOAD |
| Vasodilators commonly cause Postural Hypotension | - fall in blood pressure brought on by moving from a supine to standing position. caused by relaxation of smooth muscle in veins |
| Vasodilators cause an increase in? | FALLS |
| Reflex Tachycarddia | - prevented with use of a beta blocker |
| Expansion of blood volume is caused by? | - prolonged use of arteriolar venous dilators |
| Hydralazine | - causes selective dilation of arterioles |
| Hydralazine uses: | - essential hypertension (always include beta blocker and diuretic) -Hypertensive crisis: (IV)used to lower blood pressure rapidly -Heart failure |
| Hydralazine adverse effects: | - Reflex tachycaria - increased blood volume (prevent w/ diuretic) - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus- like Syndrome - headache, dizziness, weakness, fatigue |
| Hydralazine drug interactions: | - Other hypertensive agents need to be monitored to avoid excessive hypotension CAN BE GIVEN WITH: beta blockers & diuretics |
| MINOXIDIL | - Produces more intense dilation than hydralazine with more serious adverse effects -RESERVED for patients w/ severe hypertension |
| Minoxidil | - produces selective dilation of arterioles |
| MINOXIDIL USES: | - Severe hypertension ONLY - Should be used with beta blocker and diuretic therapy |
| MINOXIDIL adverse effects: | - Reflex Tachycardia: beta blocker to prevent - Sodium and water retention: MUST BE USED with LOOP DIURETIC or dialysis - Hypertrichosis: excessive hair growth (AKA ROGAINE) - Pericardial effusion - nausea, h/a, breast tenderness etc |
| Sodium Nitroprusside | - HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCIES!!!*** - used for producing controlled hypotension in surgeries |
| Sodium Nitroprusside | - causes arteriolar and venous dilation |
| How is Sodium Nitroprusside given? | IV infusion (BP can be adjusted to any level) - can trigger retention of sodium and water - originally powder form then diluted for IV |
| Sodium Nitroprusside metabolism | - contains five cyanide groups |
| Sodium Nitroprusside Adverse effects | - excessive hypotension - cyanide poisoning - thiocyanate toxicity |
| Color of fresh solution of Sodium Nitroprusside? | - faint brown color - other colors (blue, red, green) should be discarded |
Created by:
KristinL
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