Question | Answer |
chemistry definition | the study of matter |
matter definition | anything that has mass and occupies space |
mass definition | quantity of matter |
What are atoms known as? | quantity of matter |
atom definition | the simplest particle of a substance that contains all properties of that surface. |
protons | positive charge found in the nucleus |
neutrons | no charge found in the nucleus |
electrons | negative charge that surrounds the nucleus |
elements definition | substances composed of 1 type of atom that is "pure" |
isotopes definition | atoms of an element with a different number of neutrons. Most are radioactive. |
compounds definition | composed of two or more elements in a fixed ratio, and are formed through chemical bonds. |
Covalent Bond qualities | share electrons, form molecules |
Ionic Bond qualities | transfers electrons and involves ions |
energy definition | the ability to do work |
solid definition | low energy where particles are tightly packed. It has a definite volume and definite shape. |
liquid definition | medium energy where particles are close together, but can move. It has definite volume but no definite shape. |
gas definition | high energy where particles move freely. There is no definite volume and no definite shape. |
chemical reaction definition | one or more substances changed to produce one or more different substances. Usually expressed as a formula. |
reactants | the pure element before the final product |
products | the elements formed together in a new substance |
exothermic | a chemical reaction where energy is released |
endothermic | a chemical reaction where energy is absorbed |
activation energy definition | energy required to start a chemical reaction |
catalyst definition | any substance that can increase the rate of a chemical reaction, it lowers the amount of activation energy needed |
Oxidation- Reduction Reaction (Redox) | a gain and loss of electrons between reactants to form products |
polar molecule definition | even though water is covalently bonded, there is an uneven distribution of electrons... causing the molecule to have a slight charge. |
hydrogen bonding definition | the force of attraction between the hydrogen side (+) of water with a substance with a negative charge. |
cohesion definition | water will bond with other water molecules; creates surface tension; water is constantly breaking and reforming bonds |
adhesion definition | water will bond to other substances; makes water extremely sticky |
capillary action | the attraction of water to surfaces that will cause water to rise |
high specific heat | water has the ability to absorb large quantities of heat |
specific heat | the amount of energy required to change the temperature of a substance |
Temperature Moderation | water does not heat up or cool down rapidly |
Density as a solid | water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid |
solvent | does the dissolving |
solute | gets dissolved |
saturated | all molecules of a solvent are bonded with a solute "covered" |
unsaturated | more solvent than solute (watery) |
super-saturated | more solvent than solute ( |
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