| Question | Answer | Derivatives |
| plērumque (adv.) | for the most part, generally | () |
| poena -ae (F) | punishment, penalty | (penal, subpoena, penalize) |
| pōnō -ere, posuī, positus | to put, place; take off [clothes] | (position) |
| pontus -ī (M) | sea, waves | (Pontic) |
| populus -ī (M) | people, crowd; nation | (populace, population) |
| porta -ae (F) | gate, door, entrance | (portal, portcullis) |
| portus, -ūs (M) | harbor | (port) |
| possum posse, potuī | to be able, be powerful; to be possible | (potential) |
| post (prep. w/ acc.) | after | (postdate) |
| post(eā) quam | after | () |
| praemium -ī (N) | reward | (premium) |
| praestō -āre, praestitī, praestātum | to be better than [+ dat.]; to offer, show | (presto) |
| premō -ere, pressī, pressum | to press, oppress | (pressure) |
| prīmā lūce | at dawn | () |
| prīmus -a, -u | first; chief; excellent | (primary, primitive) |
| prius | before | (prior) |
| prīvātus -a, -um | private, in private capacity [as opposed to as one in public office] | (privacy) |
| prō (prep. w/ abl.) | in front of, before; for, as; considering; in accordance with | (pros and cons) |
| proelium -ī (N) | battle | () |
| profectiō profectiōnis (F) | departure | (profection) |
| proficīscor -ī, profectus sum | to set out, depart | (profection) |
| prohibeō -ēre, -uī, -itum | to keep, restrain; to prohibit | (prohibition) |
| propter (prep. w/ acc.) | because of, on account of | () |
| proptereā quod | for the very reason that | () |
| prōvincia -ae (F) | province | (provincial) |
| proximus -a, -um | nearest, next | (approximate) |
| pūblicus -a, -um | public, common; as one in public office | (publication) |
| puer puerī (M) | boy, young man | (puerile) |
| pugna -ae (F) | fight, battle | (pugnacious) |
| pugnō -āre, -āvī, -ātum | to fight | (pugnacious) |
| pulcher pulchra, pulchrum | beautiful, handsome, noble | (pulchritude) |
| puppis puppis (F) | stern [rear part of the ship], poop deck | (poop deck) |
| quaerō -ere, quaesīvī, quaesītum | to seek | (quest) |
| quālis quāle | of what sort? such as, the kind of | (qualified, quality) |
| quam (adv.) | as, than; (w/ superlative) as . . . as; how | () |
| quantus, quanta, quantum | as much as, how great | (quantum) |
| -que (enclitic conj.) | and, also, even | () |
| quī quae, quod | who, which; what; that; [after sī, nisi, num, nē] any | (quorum, quibble) |
| quidem (adv.) | indeed, even | () |
| quis quid | who, what; some [after sī, nīsī, num, nē] | (quiddity) |
| quod (conj.) | because, the fact that | () |
| rapiō -ere, -uī, raptum | to grab, snatch, tear; to whirl | (rapture, velociraptor) |
| ratiō ratiōnis (F) | account; consideration; manner, method | (rational) |
| recipiō -ere, recēpī, receptum | to receive, accept | (reception) |
| rēgīna -ae (F) | queen | (Regina) |
| regnum -ī (N) | kingdom, realm; rule | (reign, interregnum) |
| relinquō -ere, relīquī, relictum | to leave behind | (relinquish) |
| reliquus -a, -um | remaining, rest of , other | (relic) |
| rēs gestae | accomplishments | () |
| rēs publica | republic, state, government | (republic) |
| rēs reī (F) | thing; matter; affair; circumstance | (reify) |
| Rhēnus Rhēnī (M) | Rhine [a river between Gaul and Germania to the Atlantic sea] | (Rhine) |
| Rhodanus -ī (M) | Rhone [a river flowing through Lake Geneva to the Mediterranean] | () |
| rīpa -ae (F) | bank (of a river), shore | (riparian) |
| ruō -ere, ruī, -itum | to rush, hurry; to fall down; to plow | (ruin, ruinous) |
