| Question | Answer |
| What does photosynthesis do? | Converts sun energy into chemical energy usable by cells |
| Autotrophs | Self feeding, organisms that make their own food |
| Photoautotrophs | Uses sun energy, makes organic compounds from light |
| Chemouatotrophs | Uses chemical energy, makes organic compounds from chemical energy contained in sulfide or methane |
| Where does photosynthesis take place? | In the chloroplast |
| Photosystem | Light capturing unit |
| Electron transport system | Electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons |
| Heterotrophs | Take energy from outside sources, can't make it's own energy |
| Cellular respiration | Transformation of chemical energy in food into chemical energy cells can use |
| What can cellular respiration do? | Breaks down glucose in the cytoplasm |
| Two types of cellular respiration: | 1. Anaerobic cellular respiration (fermentation)
2. Aerobic cellular respiration |
| Anaerobic cellular respiration | -No oxygen used
-Some organisms thrive with little or no oxygen
-No more ATP needed |
| Aerobic cellular respiration | -Needs oxygen
-Reactions occur in the mitochondria |
| Kreb's Cycle | -Completes the breakdown of glucose
-Production of only 2 more ATP
-Loads up the coenzymes with H+ and electrons |
| Electron transport chain | -Electrons and protons from the Kreb's cycle move to these steps (staircase)
- Energy is released when electrons are dropped down stairs
-Oxygen waits at bottom of staircase, and becomes water |
| What are the stages of cellular respiration in the order they occur? | -Glycoisis
-Citric acid cycle
-Electron transport chain |
| Name the molecules that go into and come out of Glycolysis reactions | In - sugar
Out - pyruvate |
| What are the electron carrier molecules of respiration? | FADH2 and NADH |
| Describe ATP production in aerobic | 2 ATP made in glycolysis
2 ATP made in Kreb's cycle
32 ATP made in the electron transport chain |
| Describe ATP production in anaerobic respiration | 4 ATP made 2 are used for a net gain of 2 ATP |
| Name the molecules that go into and come out of lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation | In pyruvate, NADH and ATP
Out lactic acid, NAD+ and ADP or ethyl alcohol, NAD+ and ADP |
| Why is anaerobic respiration faster than aerobic respiration? | Fewer steps than aerobic respiration |
| Where does the energy for the glycolysis reaction come from? | ATP |
| What does glycolysis mean? | Sugar splitting |
| What process occurs in chloroplast? | Photosynthesis |
| What process occurs in mitochondria? | Aerobic respiration |
| What is the purpose of fermentation? | Recycle NAD+ from NADH |
| List the organisms that use fermentation only and organisms that use aerobic respiration to break down sugar | -Yeast and bacteria use fermentation only
-Eukaryotes use aerobic respiration |
| What is the purpose of O2 in respiration? | It is the electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain |
| What is the ancient pathway for producing ATP? | Glycolysis |
| What are the two types of fermentation, how many ATP do they produce and in what organism do they occure? | 1. Lactic acid fermentation, 2 ATP, bacteria and animals
2. Alcoholic fermentation, 2 ATP, yeast |
| What is the product of alcoholic fermentation? | Ethyl alcohol |
| What is the product of lactic acid fermentation? | Lactic acid |
| Of the stages of aerobic respiration, which one is involved in fermentation? | Glycolysis |
| Why are their only two ATp produced by fermentation? | Two of the four are used |
| What does aerobic mean? | Uses oxygen |
| What does anaerobic mean? | With out oxygen |
