Question | Answer |
What does photosynthesis do? | Converts sun energy into chemical energy usable by cells |
Autotrophs | Self feeding, organisms that make their own food |
Photoautotrophs | Uses sun energy, makes organic compounds from light |
Chemouatotrophs | Uses chemical energy, makes organic compounds from chemical energy contained in sulfide or methane |
Where does photosynthesis take place? | In the chloroplast |
Photosystem | Light capturing unit |
Electron transport system | Electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons |
Heterotrophs | Take energy from outside sources, can't make it's own energy |
Cellular respiration | Transformation of chemical energy in food into chemical energy cells can use |
What can cellular respiration do? | Breaks down glucose in the cytoplasm |
Two types of cellular respiration: | 1. Anaerobic cellular respiration (fermentation)
2. Aerobic cellular respiration |
Anaerobic cellular respiration | -No oxygen used
-Some organisms thrive with little or no oxygen
-No more ATP needed |
Aerobic cellular respiration | -Needs oxygen
-Reactions occur in the mitochondria |
Kreb's Cycle | -Completes the breakdown of glucose
-Production of only 2 more ATP
-Loads up the coenzymes with H+ and electrons |
Electron transport chain | -Electrons and protons from the Kreb's cycle move to these steps (staircase)
- Energy is released when electrons are dropped down stairs
-Oxygen waits at bottom of staircase, and becomes water |
What are the stages of cellular respiration in the order they occur? | -Glycoisis
-Citric acid cycle
-Electron transport chain |
Name the molecules that go into and come out of Glycolysis reactions | In - sugar
Out - pyruvate |
What are the electron carrier molecules of respiration? | FADH2 and NADH |
Describe ATP production in aerobic | 2 ATP made in glycolysis
2 ATP made in Kreb's cycle
32 ATP made in the electron transport chain |
Describe ATP production in anaerobic respiration | 4 ATP made 2 are used for a net gain of 2 ATP |
Name the molecules that go into and come out of lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation | In pyruvate, NADH and ATP
Out lactic acid, NAD+ and ADP or ethyl alcohol, NAD+ and ADP |
Why is anaerobic respiration faster than aerobic respiration? | Fewer steps than aerobic respiration |
Where does the energy for the glycolysis reaction come from? | ATP |
What does glycolysis mean? | Sugar splitting |
What process occurs in chloroplast? | Photosynthesis |
What process occurs in mitochondria? | Aerobic respiration |
What is the purpose of fermentation? | Recycle NAD+ from NADH |
List the organisms that use fermentation only and organisms that use aerobic respiration to break down sugar | -Yeast and bacteria use fermentation only
-Eukaryotes use aerobic respiration |
What is the purpose of O2 in respiration? | It is the electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain |
What is the ancient pathway for producing ATP? | Glycolysis |
What are the two types of fermentation, how many ATP do they produce and in what organism do they occure? | 1. Lactic acid fermentation, 2 ATP, bacteria and animals
2. Alcoholic fermentation, 2 ATP, yeast |
What is the product of alcoholic fermentation? | Ethyl alcohol |
What is the product of lactic acid fermentation? | Lactic acid |
Of the stages of aerobic respiration, which one is involved in fermentation? | Glycolysis |
Why are their only two ATp produced by fermentation? | Two of the four are used |
What does aerobic mean? | Uses oxygen |
What does anaerobic mean? | With out oxygen |