Question | Answer |
ABO blood type | a classification system for the antigens of human blood; used in blood transfusion therapy |
Allele | an alternative form of a gene |
Autosome | A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining gender |
Carrier | An individual who is heterozygous for a recessive gene that predisposes for a hereditary disease. |
Codominant | phenotypic situation in which both alleles are expressed in the heterozygote. |
Dominant | trait that is expressed when its allele is homozygous or heterozygous. |
F1 generation | resulting immediately from a cross of the first set of parents |
F2 generation | the result of a cross between two F1 individuals |
Fertilization | Sexual reproduction. The combination of the egg and sperm. |
Gene | The genetic information in the chromosomes that determines a trait |
Genetics | The study of the patterns of inheritance of specific traits. |
Genotype | The combination of or genes that represent a particular trait. |
Heterozygous | Having two different alleles for a specific trait. |
homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and the genes they carry. |
Homozygous | Having two of the same alleles for a specific trait. |
incomplete dominance | neither allele is dominant; a blending of the two create a new phenotype |
independent assortment | Mendel's second law, stating that each allele pair segregates independently during gamete formation |
inheritance | the acquisition of traits genetically transmitted from parents to offspring |
multiple allele | Typically, there are only two alleles for a gene in a diploid organism. The presence of multiple alleles is best illustrated by the ABO blood group system |
phenotype | The physical characteristics or observable traits from the genotype. |
Punnett Square | Shows how genes combine. Shows the probability of genotypes |
Recessive | Hidden trait. Two recessive traits will show that trait. |
test cross | Breeding of an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype. |