Question | Answer |
Anticodon | A specialized base triplet on one end of a tRNA molecule that recognizes a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule |
Cancer | a disease characterized by abnormal cell growth |
Codon | A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal |
Complementary base pairing | cytosine, uracil, adenine, guanine, and thymine |
Deletion and addition (frameshift) mutations | A mutational loss or gain of a nucleotide from a gene. |
DNA | a nucleic acid which stores the genetic information controlling our heredity and characteristics |
Fertilization | Sexual reproduction. The combination of the egg and sperm. |
Gene | A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA |
Hydrogen bonds | A type of weak chemical bond formed between nitrogen bases |
mRNA | A type of RNA synthesized from DNA in the genetic material that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein |
nitrogenous base | An organic base that contains the element nitrogen found in DNA/RNA |
nucleotide | The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five carbod sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogen base |
peptide bonds | joins amino acids together to form a protein |
RNA | A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U). |
Mutations | an altered sequence of DNA |
Transcription | The synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template |
Translation | The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of "language" from nucleotides to amino acids. |
tRNA | picks up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA. |