Term | Definition |
eukaryotic cells | fungi, plants, 10-100 micrometers, nucleus with envelope, 80s, flagella/cilia made of tubulin, cytoskeleton, 1-100 mitochondria, chloroplasts in algae and plants, multi-cellular, mitosis. |
prokaryotic cells | bacteria, 1-10 micrometers, no nucleus, 70s, few structures, flagellae/cilia made of flagellin, no mitochondria, no chloroplasts, single celled,simple division. |
cell membrane | controls what enters/leaves the cell. |
cytoplasm | everything within the cell membrane- cytosol and organelles. |
nucleus | holds DNA in it, contains a nucleolus. |
nuclear envelope | has pores so proteins and mRNA can pass through it. double membrane. |
mitochondria | site of respiration. uses ATP. inner membrane of it has many fold, called cristae. |
ribosomes | site of protein synthesis. |
rough ER | has ribosomes on the outer side of it, site of protein synthesis. |
smooth ER | where proteins are prepared for secretion, where polypeptides are converted into functional proteins. |
golgi apparatus | processes proteins, packages them and secretes them. adds carbohydrates to them. pinches off vesicles. |
lysosomes | site of protein digestion, formed pieces of golgi. |
cytoskeleton | maintains the shape of the cell, serve as tracks for organelles to move along within the cell, they form the centriole. |
centriole | two bundles of microtubules at right angles to each other. |
cilia and flagellae | assist movement,keep bacteria from entering the body. |
cell wall (plant cells) | freely permeable, rigid- helps to support and protect the plant. |
vacuoles (plant cells) | large membrane bound sac, storage area for waste |
chloroplasts (plant cells) | thylakoids which contain chlorophyll, arranged in stacks called granum, space in-between- stroma. |
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