Term | Definition |
Photosynthesis | Process in which light energy is converted into chemical energy of organic compounds (food) |
Why is Photosynthesis important? | Give energy to organisms and oxygen |
Glucose | Gives energy |
Starch | Glucose is stored as |
Photosynthesis Equation | Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight -> Glucose + Oxygen |
Cuticule | A waxy covering that helps to prevent water loss |
Epidermis | An outer layer on the top and bottom of a leaf that is about a cell thick |
Stomata | Openings in lower epidermis that allows CO2, O2, and H2O vapor in and out of the leaf |
Guard Cell | Regulate size of stomata to help to prevent water loss |
Palisade Layer | The long cells that has more chloroplasts → more photosynthesis |
Sponge Layer | Contains open spaces with less chloroplasts → less photosynthesis |
Mesophyll | Between upper and lower epidermis |
Vascular Tissue / Veins | Xylem and Phloem |
Xylem | Transports water through plant |
Phloem | Transports food throughout the plant |
White Light | All the colors of the rainbow |
ROYGBIV | Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet |
Why are plants green? | They absorb all the colors except green which they reflect. |
Cellular Respiration | The process in which the chemical energy stored in organic compounds (glucose) is released |
ATP | Adenosine Triphosphate. It is produced during cell respiration |
ADP | Adenosine Diphosphate, contains only 2 phosphate groups |
Aerobic Respiration | Oxygen is used to create energy it is very efficient |
Cellular Respiration Equation | Glucose + Oxygen -> ATP + Carbon Dioxide + Water |
Anaerobic Respiration | Oxygen is NOT used to make ATP instead fermentation takes place. |
Ethyl Alcohol Fermentation | Occurs in yeast and bacteria and is used in brewing and baking industries |
Lactic Acid Fermentation | Occurs in animals as a results in buildup of lactic acid in muscle cells |
Nose / Nasal Passage | Lined with a ciliate mucus membrane that warm, moisten and filter the air |
Pharynx | Throat |
Larynx | Voice box that contain the vocal cords |
Epiglottis | Muscular flap that covers the trachea when swallowing food or liquid to prevent it from entering the lungs |
Trachea | the windpipe that is lined with ciliated mucous membranes |
Bronchi | 2 main branches enter lungs |
Alveoli | Air Sacs that are surrounded by capillaries where gas exchange occurs |
Diaphragm | Sheet of muscle underneath the lungs that aids in breathing |
Inhalation | Air traveling into the lungs |
Exhalation | Air being pushed out of the lungs |
Medulla Oblongata | Controls the rate of breathing by monitoring the CO2 levels of blood |
Pneumonia | An infection and inflammation of the lungs when the alveoli fill with fluid and mucus resulting in coughing and difficulty breathing |
Asthma | An allergic reaction that results in the construction of bronchial muscles which reduces the amount of air able to get into the lungs |
Bronchitis | Inflammation of the bronchi results in the over - secrete mucus and causes coughing and difficulty breathing |
Emphysema | the air sacs lose their elasticity and breakdown, which results in less gas exchange. It is caused by smoking |