| Question | Answer |
| Function center of conscious thought, personality, speech, motor control, visual, auditory, and tactile perception. | Cerebrum |
| Located under tentorium, function "fine tunes" motor control, allows smooth movement, balance, maintenance of muscle tone. | Cerebellum |
| Central processing center, communication junction among the cerebrum, spinal cord, cranial nerves, and cerebellum. | Brainstem. |
| Structures of the brain | Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata |
| What is the bulge in the top of the spinal cord with "centers"? | Medulla oblongata |
| 3 centers of Medulla oblongata and their function? | Respiratory center-controls depth, rate and rhythm.
Cardiac center-regulates rate and strength of cardiac contractions.
Vasomotor center-distribution of blood, maintains BP. |
| Cranial injury | Trauma must be extreme to fracture. |
| Basal skull | Unprotected, spaces weaken structure, relatively easier to fracture. |
| Signs of basal skull fracture? | Battle signs. (Retroauricular ecchymosis)
Racoon eyes. (Bilateral periorbital ecchymosis)
May tear dura and permit CSF to drain from ears.
May mediate rise in ICP. |
| Types of direct brain injury | Coup
Epidural hematoma
Subdural hematoma
Cerebral contusion |
| Injury at site of impact | Coup brain injury |
| Injury on opposite side of impact. | Contrecoup brain injury |
| Blunt Trauma to local brain tissue, capillary bleeding into the brain tissue. Common with Blunt head trauma. Focal brain injury could be a... | Cerebral contusion. |
| Bleeding between dura matter and skull, involves ARTERIES. Rapid breathing &reduction of oxygen to tissues. Herniates brain toward foreman magnum. | Epidural Hematoma |
| Bleeding within meninges, beneath dura mater and within subarachnoid space. Above pia matter. Slow bleeding. Signs progress over several days. Slow deterioration of mentation. VENOUS bleeding. | Subdural Hematoma |
| Signs and symptoms of brain injury | AMS. Alteration in personality. Amnesia. Cushing's reflux (increased BP. Bradycardia. Erratic respirations) |
| Signs and symptoms of brain injury in pediatric pt's | Head can distort due to anterior and posterior fontanelles bulging. Slow progression of ICP. Intracranial hemorrhage contributes to hypovolemia. |
| Decreases ICP.
10mg/kg IVP | Lidocaine |
