Question | Answer |
dehydration synthesis | removal of H from 1 molecule and OH from a second molecule in order to connect the 2 molecules. (removing water) |
synthesis | process of putting together small molecules to make larger molecules |
hydrolysis | addition of H and OH in order to break covalent bond between molecules |
function of carbohydrates | to provide energy |
monomer of carbohydrates | saccharides |
examples of simple sugars | monosaccharides= fructose, glucose
disaccharide= maltose, sucrose |
examples of polysaccharides | glycogen- stored energy in animals
starch- stored energy in plants
cellulose- cell walls; not digestible; known as fiber |
shape of carbohydrate | 5 or 6 sided ring |
carbohydrate foods | fruits, veggies, legumes (for fiber) |
function of lipids | pigments, sterols, waxes, energy |
phospholipids function | cell membranes |
saturated | fatty acids with C-C bonds; solids; animal fats |
unsaturated | fatty acids with C=C bonds; liquids; plant fats |
lipid foods | butter, lard, cooking oils, chicken skin, avocados |
function of proteins | structural- bones, hair, feather, muscles, web
chemical- transportation (hemoglobin, glucose) , antibodies (immune system), Enzymes |
monomer of proteins | amino acids |
name of bond that holds amino acids together | peptide bond |
protein foods | meat, fish, dairy, legumes, eggs |
characteristics of life | metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, reproduction, develop, grow. |
metabolism | all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism |
heredity | passing of traits from parent to offspring |
homeostasis | process that maintains an internal balance in the organism |
reproduction | process where organisms make more of their own kinds; how DNA is given to offspring |
develop | mature- organism changes from birth to death |
grow | add more cells |
3 parts of the cell theory | 1. all organisms are made of 1 or more cells
2. cells are the basic function of all life
3. cells come from other cells |
cell parts of prokaryotes | 1. cell wall
2. cell membrane
3. cytoplasm
4. ribosomes
5. DNA |
difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes | eukaryotes= contain nucleus and organelles
prokaryotes= contain no nucleus and no organelles |
ribosomes function | assemble proteins |
cell wall function | structure and support (plants; cellulose) |
DNA/chromosome function | directs making of proteins and reproduction |
golgi function | packaging for distribution |
mitochondria function | make cellular energy- ATP |
chloroplasts function | assembles glucose- photosynthesis |
cell membrane function | regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
rER function | finishes off proteins |
sER function | makes lipids and destroys poisons |
central vacuole function | holds water and other ions (plants) |
cytoplasm function | metabolism- where most chemical reactions occur; location of organelles |
nucleolus function | assembles ribosomes |
lysosomes function | hydrolysis- break down macromolecules |
peroxisomes function | converts fats to carbs or changes toxins to benign |
vesicles function | transports |
in order to have a nucleus a cell needs a __________ ____________. | nuclear membrane |
| |
simple sugars are _________________ | monosaccharides |
plants use ___________ to support their stems, leaves, and roots. | cellulose |
in humans, cellulose serves as a source of _____________ | fiber |
two factors that determine shape of protein | type and order of amino acids being used and the hydrogen bonds created due to the type and order of the amino acids. |