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Biology Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| dehydration synthesis | removal of H from 1 molecule and OH from a second molecule in order to connect the 2 molecules. (removing water) |
| synthesis | process of putting together small molecules to make larger molecules |
| hydrolysis | addition of H and OH in order to break covalent bond between molecules |
| function of carbohydrates | to provide energy |
| monomer of carbohydrates | saccharides |
| examples of simple sugars | monosaccharides= fructose, glucose disaccharide= maltose, sucrose |
| examples of polysaccharides | glycogen- stored energy in animals starch- stored energy in plants cellulose- cell walls; not digestible; known as fiber |
| shape of carbohydrate | 5 or 6 sided ring |
| carbohydrate foods | fruits, veggies, legumes (for fiber) |
| function of lipids | pigments, sterols, waxes, energy |
| phospholipids function | cell membranes |
| saturated | fatty acids with C-C bonds; solids; animal fats |
| unsaturated | fatty acids with C=C bonds; liquids; plant fats |
| lipid foods | butter, lard, cooking oils, chicken skin, avocados |
| function of proteins | structural- bones, hair, feather, muscles, web chemical- transportation (hemoglobin, glucose) , antibodies (immune system), Enzymes |
| monomer of proteins | amino acids |
| name of bond that holds amino acids together | peptide bond |
| protein foods | meat, fish, dairy, legumes, eggs |
| characteristics of life | metabolism, homeostasis, heredity, reproduction, develop, grow. |
| metabolism | all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism |
| heredity | passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| homeostasis | process that maintains an internal balance in the organism |
| reproduction | process where organisms make more of their own kinds; how DNA is given to offspring |
| develop | mature- organism changes from birth to death |
| grow | add more cells |
| 3 parts of the cell theory | 1. all organisms are made of 1 or more cells 2. cells are the basic function of all life 3. cells come from other cells |
| cell parts of prokaryotes | 1. cell wall 2. cell membrane 3. cytoplasm 4. ribosomes 5. DNA |
| difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes | eukaryotes= contain nucleus and organelles prokaryotes= contain no nucleus and no organelles |
| ribosomes function | assemble proteins |
| cell wall function | structure and support (plants; cellulose) |
| DNA/chromosome function | directs making of proteins and reproduction |
| golgi function | packaging for distribution |
| mitochondria function | make cellular energy- ATP |
| chloroplasts function | assembles glucose- photosynthesis |
| cell membrane function | regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
| rER function | finishes off proteins |
| sER function | makes lipids and destroys poisons |
| central vacuole function | holds water and other ions (plants) |
| cytoplasm function | metabolism- where most chemical reactions occur; location of organelles |
| nucleolus function | assembles ribosomes |
| lysosomes function | hydrolysis- break down macromolecules |
| peroxisomes function | converts fats to carbs or changes toxins to benign |
| vesicles function | transports |
| in order to have a nucleus a cell needs a __________ ____________. | nuclear membrane |
| simple sugars are _________________ | monosaccharides |
| plants use ___________ to support their stems, leaves, and roots. | cellulose |
| in humans, cellulose serves as a source of _____________ | fiber |
| two factors that determine shape of protein | type and order of amino acids being used and the hydrogen bonds created due to the type and order of the amino acids. |
Created by:
etesta16
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