Question | Answer |
Muscle Cells | Muscle fibers |
3 types of muscle | Skeletal, cardiac, smooth |
contractility | shorten with force |
excitability | respond to stimulus |
extensibility | ability to be stretched |
elasticity | ability to recoil to original length |
superficial layer of connective tissue | fascia |
layer of connective tissues attached to the muscle | epimysium |
visible bundles that make up muscles | fascicle |
surrounds the fascicle | perimysium |
single muscle cells in the fascicle | fibers |
fibers are surrounded by the | endomysium |
the cytoplasm of muscle fibers is made up of | myofibrils |
myofibrils | a thread like structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
2 types of myofibrils | actin and myosin microfilaments |
Myofilaments form highly ordered units called | sarcomeres |
sarcomeres extend from one attachment to the other. These are called | z lines |
on each side of the z band is a light area called | i bands |
what band stretches the lengths of the sarcomere | a band |
light area in the middle of the sarcomere; only consists of myosin | h zone |
dark staining band in the center of the sarcomere | m line |
reversal of the muscles charge | action potential |
motor neuron | nerve cells that carry action potentials |
enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
space between the presynaptic terminal and muscle cell is | synaptic cleft |
the muscle fiber | postsynaptic terminal |
causes the muscle to contract | acetylcholine |
causes the muscle to relax | acetylcholinesterate |
muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus |
The time between the stimulus and the contraction | Lag phase |
The time of contraction | Contraction phase |
The time during relaxation | Relaxation phase |
When the muscle remains contracted without relaxation | Tetany |
Energy for muscle | ATP |
Where is ATP produced? | Mitochondria |
ATP cannot stockpile. What does it synthesize when it is not used? | Creatine phosphate |
Aerobic | With oxygen |
Anaerobic | Without oxygen |
Results when ATP is used faster than it can be produced | Muscle fatigue |
The length of the muscle does not change, but tension does | Isometric |
The amount of tension does not change, but the length of the muscle does | Isotonic |
Constant tension produced for a long period of time | Muscle tone |
Contracts and fatigues quickly | Fast twitch fibers |
Contracts and fatigues slowly | Slow twitch fibers |
Points of attachment on a muscle | Origin and insertion |
Muscle that work together to perform functions | Synergists |
Muscles that work in opposition to each other | Antagonists |
Prime mover | Muscle that plays a major role |
Ofcipitofrontalis | Raises the eyebrows |
Orbicularis oculi | Closes the eyes |
Orbicularis oris | Puckers the lips |
Buccinator | Flattens the cheeks |
Zygomaticus | Smiling muscle |
Levator labii superioris | Sneering |
Depressor anguli oris | Frowning |
Mastication | Chewing |
4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pairs of pterygoids, temporalis, masseter |
Intrinsic tongue muscles | Changes the shape of the tongue |
Extrinsic tongue muscles | Moves the tongue |
Neck muscle | Sternocleidomastoid |
Muscle on the back | Erector spinae |
External intercostals | Elevates the ribs during inspiration |
Internal intercostals | Contracts during forced expiration |
Diaphragm | Accomplishes quiet breathing |
Trapezius | Rotates the scapula |
Serratus anterior | Pulls scapula anteriorly |
Pectoralis major | Flexes and adducts the arm |
Triceps brachii | Extends the forearm |
Biceps brachii | Flexes the forearm |
Gluteus Maximus | Buttocks |
Gluteus medius | Hip muscle and common injection site |
Quadriceps femoris | Extends the leg |
Sartorius | Flexes the thigh |
Hamstring | Posterior thigh muscles |
Gastrocnemius and soleus | Forms the calf |