Question | Answer |
The right renal artery courses _____ to the _____. | Posterior to IVC |
The left renal vein courses between ____ and ____. | SMA and Aorta |
Which renal artery is longer? | Right |
Which renal vein is shorter? | Right |
Does the renal artery or vein course anterior to the hilum? | Vein |
How does a sonographer get the "Banana Peel" sign? | Right flank approach, (RT RENAL ARTERY IS RED, LT RENAL ARTERY IS BLUE) |
Name the arteries in order from at hilum outwards toward cortex. | Main renal artery, Segmental renal artery, Interlobar arteries, Arcuate arteries, Interlobular arteries. |
What could allow a kidney to still receive blood if the main renal artery was occluded. | Accessory (polar) renal arteries |
How do you get RAR? | Highest renal artery velocity / Peak velocity of aorta |
What angle should you use inside a kidney? | 0 degrees preferably, always <20 degrees |
What is the percentage of stenosis for renal arteries? | 60% |
What is the normal max RAR? | 3.5 |
For Indirect Renal Doppler Setup what should the spectral time sweep be set to? | 2 or 3 seconds |
What does the early systolic peak (ESP) help measure and is it normal? | Helps measure acceleration time (AT) and yes it is normal |
What is the most common etiology of renal artery disease? | Atherosclerosis |
What is the second most common curable cause of renovascular disease? | Medial fibromuscular dysplasia (common in females aged 25-50) |
What will happen to the velocities if an aortic dissection occurs? | High velocities will occur |
Reversed, blunted diastolic flow component of renal artery suggests | Renal vein obstruction |
Should a renal transplant have high or low resistance? | Low resistance |
What is nutcracker syndrome? | Left renal vein compressed by SMA and aorta |