Term | Definition |
cell theory | states that all organisms are made of cells |
cytoplasm | a jelly like substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks |
organelle | structures specialized to preform distinct processes within a cell |
prokaryotic cell | a cell that doesn't have a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles |
eukaryotic cell | have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles |
cytoskeleton | a flexible network of protiens that provide structura |
nucleus | Organelle that acts as the storehouse for most of a cells DNA |
endoplasmic reticulum | interconnected network of thin folded membranes that produce process and distribute proteins |
ribosome | organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins |
Golgi apparatus | stack of flat membrane enclosed spaces containing enzymes that handle proteins |
vesicle | small organelle that contains and transports materials within the cytoplasm |
mitochondiron | bean shaped organelle that supplies energy to the cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA |
vacuole | organelle that is used to store materials such as water, food, or enzymes that are needed by the cell |
lysosome | organelle that contains enzymes |
centriole | small organelle that aids mitosis |
cell wall | rigid structure that gives protection, shape and support to plants, algae, fungi and bacteria |
chloroplast | organelle composed of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemical energy |
cell membrane | a boundary between the cell and the surrounding environment |
phospholipid | molecule that forms a double-layered cell membrane |
fluid mosaic model | model that describes the arrangement and movement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane |
selective permeability | condition or equality of allowing some, but not all, materials to cross a barrier or membrane |
receptor | protein that detects a signal molecule and preforms an action in response |
passive transport | movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input from the cell |
diffusion | movement of dissolved molecules in a fluid or gas from of a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration |
concentration gradient | difference in the concentration of a substance from open location to another |
osmosis | diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower concentration |
isotonic | solution that has an equal concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution |
hypertonic | solution that has a higher concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution |
hypotonic | solution that has a lower concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution |
facilitated diffusion | diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane |
active transport | movement of molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration |
endocytosis | uptake of liquids or large molecules into a cell by inward folding of the cell membrane |
phagocytosis | uptake of a solid particle into a cell by engulfing the particle |
exocytosis | release of substances out of a cell |