Term | Definition |
Prokaryotic Cell includes | Bacteria & Archaea |
What distinguishes Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells | Cell Walls, membranes, absence & or presences of organelles |
Prokaryotic nuclear structure | Nucleoid |
Cell wall includes | peptidoglycan |
Prokaryotic cell divides by | Binary fissuion |
The Bacteria shape Coccus | sherical, round, oval |
The 5 arrangements of Coccus/Cocci | Diplococci, Streptococci, Tetrad, Sarcinae, Staphylococci |
Diplococci | meaning 2; divided after reproducing |
Streptococci | meaning chain |
Tetrad | divide into two planes; grouped as four |
Sarcinae | divide into three planes; cube-like group of eight |
Staphylococci | divide into multiple planes and form grape-like clusteres |
The Bacteria shape Bacillus | Rod shape |
The four arrangements of Bacillus | Bacillus, Diplobacili, Streptobacilli, Coccobacilli |
Bacillus | single rod |
Diplobacilli | meaning 2, one pair |
Streptobacilli | chain like |
Coccobacilli | look like cocci but more oval shaped like cigars with tapered ends |
The Bacteria shape Spiral | have one or more twist |
The three arrangements of Spiral | Vibrio, Spirilla, Spirochete |
Vibrio | curved-like rods; boomerang shaped |
Spirilla | corkscrew shape with rigid body |
Spirochetes | flexible spiral shape |
Glycoalyx | is a sticky, sugary, gelatinous material; prevents things from getting in. (made of polysaccharides, polypeptides or both |
Glycoalyx location | made inside the cell and secreted to the surface of the cell |
Flagella | Long filamentous appendages that propel bacteria |
Peritrichous | Flagella around the entire cell |
Atrichous | Cell without Flagella |
Polar | At one or both ends of the cell |
Polar Types | Monotrichous, Amphitrichous, Lophotrichous, Cephaplotrichous |
Monotrichous | single flagella at one pole/end |
Amphitrichous | flagella at both poles/end of the cell |
Lophotrichous | two or more flagella at both ends of the pole |
Cephalotrichous | two or more flagella at one end/pole |
Endoflagella/Axial | tightly wrapped bundles of fibrils; spiral shaped; propels the microbe in spiral motion |
Endoflagella/Axial made up of three parts | Filament, Hook, Basal |
Filament | long outer region; contain protein |
Hook | filament attaches to the cell wall |
Basal | anchors fiagella to the cell wall and plasma membrane |
Fimbriae | bristle-like; makes things stick; made from protein pili |
Pili | longer than fimbria; used for motility; transfer DNA from one cell to another |
Use of the cell wall | protection, shape and structure |
Peptidoglycan | made up of repeating disacchrides attaches by polypeptides |
Disaccharides | are made up from monosaccharides NAG & NAM |
Gram Stain Positive | Red |
Gram stain Negative | Blue |
lysis | destruction caused by rupture of the plasma membrane |
Gram Positive Cell Walls | many layers of thick PG; contain Techoic Acids( alchol and phosphate) |
Gram Negative Cell Walls | very few layers of PG; porins |