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quiz 2
Microbiology/ Prokaryotic Cell
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Prokaryotic Cell includes | Bacteria & Archaea |
| What distinguishes Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells | Cell Walls, membranes, absence & or presences of organelles |
| Prokaryotic nuclear structure | Nucleoid |
| Cell wall includes | peptidoglycan |
| Prokaryotic cell divides by | Binary fissuion |
| The Bacteria shape Coccus | sherical, round, oval |
| The 5 arrangements of Coccus/Cocci | Diplococci, Streptococci, Tetrad, Sarcinae, Staphylococci |
| Diplococci | meaning 2; divided after reproducing |
| Streptococci | meaning chain |
| Tetrad | divide into two planes; grouped as four |
| Sarcinae | divide into three planes; cube-like group of eight |
| Staphylococci | divide into multiple planes and form grape-like clusteres |
| The Bacteria shape Bacillus | Rod shape |
| The four arrangements of Bacillus | Bacillus, Diplobacili, Streptobacilli, Coccobacilli |
| Bacillus | single rod |
| Diplobacilli | meaning 2, one pair |
| Streptobacilli | chain like |
| Coccobacilli | look like cocci but more oval shaped like cigars with tapered ends |
| The Bacteria shape Spiral | have one or more twist |
| The three arrangements of Spiral | Vibrio, Spirilla, Spirochete |
| Vibrio | curved-like rods; boomerang shaped |
| Spirilla | corkscrew shape with rigid body |
| Spirochetes | flexible spiral shape |
| Glycoalyx | is a sticky, sugary, gelatinous material; prevents things from getting in. (made of polysaccharides, polypeptides or both |
| Glycoalyx location | made inside the cell and secreted to the surface of the cell |
| Flagella | Long filamentous appendages that propel bacteria |
| Peritrichous | Flagella around the entire cell |
| Atrichous | Cell without Flagella |
| Polar | At one or both ends of the cell |
| Polar Types | Monotrichous, Amphitrichous, Lophotrichous, Cephaplotrichous |
| Monotrichous | single flagella at one pole/end |
| Amphitrichous | flagella at both poles/end of the cell |
| Lophotrichous | two or more flagella at both ends of the pole |
| Cephalotrichous | two or more flagella at one end/pole |
| Endoflagella/Axial | tightly wrapped bundles of fibrils; spiral shaped; propels the microbe in spiral motion |
| Endoflagella/Axial made up of three parts | Filament, Hook, Basal |
| Filament | long outer region; contain protein |
| Hook | filament attaches to the cell wall |
| Basal | anchors fiagella to the cell wall and plasma membrane |
| Fimbriae | bristle-like; makes things stick; made from protein pili |
| Pili | longer than fimbria; used for motility; transfer DNA from one cell to another |
| Use of the cell wall | protection, shape and structure |
| Peptidoglycan | made up of repeating disacchrides attaches by polypeptides |
| Disaccharides | are made up from monosaccharides NAG & NAM |
| Gram Stain Positive | Red |
| Gram stain Negative | Blue |
| lysis | destruction caused by rupture of the plasma membrane |
| Gram Positive Cell Walls | many layers of thick PG; contain Techoic Acids( alchol and phosphate) |
| Gram Negative Cell Walls | very few layers of PG; porins |
Created by:
BBaker01
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