Term | Definition |
Two types of anatomy | Gross / Macroscopic & Microscopic |
Types of gross anatomy | Systemic, Regional, Surface, Comparative & Embryology |
Systemic Anatomy | Anatomy of each functional body system |
Regional Anatomy | All Structures in a particular region of the body |
Surface Anatomy | Superficial anatomic markings & internal body structures |
Comparative Anatomy | Similarities & differences in anatomy of diff. species |
Embryology | Developmental changes from conception to birth |
Two Main Divisions of Microscopic Anatomy | Cytology & Histology |
Cytology | Body Cells & their internal structure |
Histology | Tissues |
Physiology | Function |
The Body's Levels Of Organization | Organization/Order, Metabolism, Growth, Responsiveness, Regulation, Reproduce |
Two types of metabolism | anabolism & catabolism |
Metabolism | Sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body |
Anatomic Position | Common reference position |
Section (anatomic position) | Slice or cut to expose internal anatomy |
Plane (anatomic position) | imaginary flat surface passing through the body |
What are the 3 major planes? | Coronal, Transverse, Midsagittal/ Sagittal |
Coronal | Anterior & Posterior |
Transverse | Superior & Infterior |
Midsagittal / Sagittal | Left and Right halves |
Anterior | In front of; toward the front surface |
Posterior | In back of; forward the back surface |
Dorsal | At the back side of the human body |
Ventral | At the belly side of the human body |
Superior | Closer to the head |
Inferior | Closer to the feet |
Cranial | At the head end |
Caudal | At the rear or tail end |
Rostral | Toward the nose or mouth |
Medial | Toward the midline of the body |
Lateral | Away from the midline of the body |
Deep | On the inside; internal to another structure |
Superficial | On the outside |
Proximal | Closest to the point of attachment to trunk |
Distal | Furthest from point of attachment to trunk |
Waist Down | Inferior |
Line down the Middle with arrows pointing in | Medial |
Line down the middle with arrows pointing out | Lateral |
Human body is partitioned into two main regions | Axial & appendicular |
Head | Cephalic |
Forehead | Frontal |
Eye | Orbital |
Cheek | Buccal |
Chin | Mental |
Sternum | Sternal |
Chest | Pectoral |
Breast | Mammary |
Abdomen | Abdominal |
Groin | Inguinal |
Ankle | Tarsal |
Foot | Dorsum |
Toe | Digital |
Leg | Crural |
Thigh | Femoral |
Finger | Digital |
Palm | Palmar |
Wrist | Carpal |
Hip | Coxal |
Forearm | Antebrachial |
Front of elbow | Antecubital |
Arm | Brachial |
Armpit | Axillary |
Shoulder | Deltoid |
Neck | Cervical |
Mouth | Oral |
Nose | Nasal |
Back of Head | Occipital |
Lower Back | Lumbar |
Hand | Manus |
Back of knee | Popliteal |
Sole of Foot | Plantar |
Heel | Calcaneal |
Calf | Sural |
Elbow | Olecranal |
Ear | Auricular |
Thumb | Pollex |
Diamond Shaped region containing anus & external reproductive organs | Perineal |
Foot | Pes |
Lateral (thumb side) aspect of forearm | Radial |
Posterior region between hip bones | Sacral |
Shoulder Blade | Scapular |
Medial aspect of leg | Tibial |
Medial aspect of the forearm | Ulnar |
Internal organs house within two body cavities | Posterior aspect & ventral cavity |
Posterior Aspect | Cavity completely encased in bone |
2 parts of posterior cavity | Cranial & vertebral |
Cranial Cavity | Formed by bones of the cranium - houses the brain |
Vertebral Canal | Formed by the bones of the vertebral column - houses spinal cord |
2 parts of ventral cavity | Thoracic & abdominopelvic |
Serous Membranes Layers (2) | Parietal & Visceral |
Parietal Layer | Lines internal surface of body wall |
Visceral Layer | Covers external surface of organs (the viscera) within the cavity |
Serous Cavity | Potential space between membranes |
Serous Fluid | Reduces friction caused by movement of organs against body wall |
Mediastinum | Contains heart,thymus,esophagus,trachea & major blood vessels that connect to the heart |
2 layered serous membrane pericardium (3) | Parietal Pericardium, Visceral Pericardium & Pericardial Cavity |
2 layered serous membrane pleura (3) | Parietal pleura, visceral pleura & pleural cavity |
Thoracic cavity consist of the 3 parts | Mediastinum, pleural & pericardial |
Abdominopelvic Cavity is Subdivided into: | Abdominal & Pelvic Cavity |
Abdominal Cavity | Most digestive organs, kidneys & most ureters |
Pelvic Cavity | Distal large intestine, part of ureters, bladder & internal reproductive organs |
Abdominopelvic Cavity 9 compartments | Umbilical, Epigastric, Hypogastric, Right & Left hypochondriac, Right & left lumbar & right and left iliac |
Abdominopelvic Quadrants | Right upper, right lower, left upper & left lower |
Homeostasis | keeping internal conditions stable |
Keeping homeostasis - 3 components assoc with each system | Receptor, control center & effector |
Negative Feedback | Temp control and insulin in response to blod glucose |
Positive Feedback | Breastfeeding & coagulation cascade |