Question | Answer |
Atoms form bonds by losing, gaining, or sharing [-s]. | Atoms form bonds by losing, gaining, or sharing electrons. |
When two or more atoms bond together, they form molecules or [-s]. | Compounds |
Electrons move around the nucleus of an atom in different levels. The electrons in the outer level of an atom are called [...] electrons . | Electrons move around the nucleus of an atom in different levels. The electrons in the outer level of an atom are called valence electrons . |
Positive and [...] electrical charges attract. | Positive and Negative electrical charges attract. |
Like electrical charges (positive and positive; negative and negative) [...]. | Like electrical charges (positive and positive; negative and negative) repel. |
Ionic bonds form between positively and [-ly] charged atoms (Which as we've learned are not called atoms! They're called Ions!). | Ionic bonds form between positively and negatively charged atoms (Which as we've learned are not called atoms! They're called Ions!). |
Some atoms will play 'tug-of-war' with a pair of electrons. This bonds them together in what we call a '[...]' bond. | Some atoms will play 'tug-of-war' with a pair of electrons. This bonds them together in what we call a 'covalent' bond. |
Atoms bonded together with covalent bonds are called [-s]. | Atoms bonded together with covalent bonds are called molecules. |
Ions bonded together with ionic bonds are called [-s]. | Ions bonded together with ionic bonds are called salts. |
[covalent/ionic] bonds are stronger than [covalent/ionic] bonds. | Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds. |
In most covalent bonds, the electrons are shared [-ly]... this is famously true in the hydrogen/oxygen bond. | In most covalent bonds, the electrons are shared unevenly... this is famously true in the hydrogen/oxygen bond. |
[...] bonds are forces of attraction between molecules; not atoms. | Hydrogen bonds are forces of attraction between molecules; not atoms. (despite the name, they aren't real bonds) |
Hydrogen bonds are weaker than the bonds that hold atoms or ions together, but they are the strongest of the inter-[...] bonds; the bonds between molecules. | Hydrogen bonds are weaker than the bonds that hold atoms or ions together, but they are the strongest of the inter-molecular bonds; the bonds between molecules. |
Over time, all organized matter—such as the butterfly, tree, car, and jeans—tends to become unorganized. This concept is called [...]... well not REALLY, but it's a good enough analogy for our purposes. | Over time, all organized matter—such as the butterfly, tree, car, and jeans—tends to become unorganized. This concept is called entropy... well not REALLY, but it's a good enough analogy for our purposes. |
Entropy is NOT ACTUALLY [dis-], but that's a good-enough analogy for our purposes in high-school biology. Entropy is very difficult to understand until you've mastered more chemistry. | Entropy is NOT ACTUALLY disorder, but that's a good-enough analogy for our purposes in high-school biology. Entropy is very difficult to understand until you've mastered more chemistry. |
A better definition of entropy is the energy of a system that cannot be used to do [...]... a sort of lost, useless energy. | A better definition of entropy is the energy of a system that cannot be used to do work... a sort of lost, useless energy. |
The second law of thermodynamics states that the [...] of any isolated system always increases... the usable energy (energy available to do work) decreases as energy becomes unusable ([...]). | The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of any isolated system always increases... the usable energy (energy available to do work) decreases as energy becomes unusable (entropy). |
Because of [...], living things require on a ready supply of energy which, on Earth, ultimately comes from either the Sun, or from the heat of hydrothermal vents. | Because of entropy, living things requre on a ready supply of energy which, on Earth, ultimately comes from either the Sun, or from the heat of hydrothermal vents. |