Question | Answer |
Atoms | The smallest functional unit of an element that remains all the properties of that element |
Protons | Positive particles found in the nucleus |
Neutrons | Neutrally charged particles found in the nucleus |
Electrons | Negatively charged particles found in the orbitals |
Orbital | Area of an atom in which the probability of an electron is high |
S-orbitals | spherical; 'first' layer of an atom and has a maximum number of eight electrons |
P-orbitals | propeller or dumbbell shaped |
Atomic Mass | indicates an atoms mass relative to the mass of other atoms; number of protons and neutrons |
Isotopes | multiple forms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons |
Atomic Number | Number of protons in an atom |
Molecule | Two or more atoms bonded together |
Molecular Formula | Contains chemical symbols of elements found in a molecule with subscript indicating how many of each atom are present |
Compound | Molecule composed of two or more elements |
Three types of Bonds | Covalent (polar and nonpolar), hydrogen, and ionic. |
Covalent | involves atoms that share a pair of electrons |
Hydrogen bonds | form when a hydrogen atom from one polar molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom in another polar molecule |
Ionic Bonds | occur when a cation binds to an anion |
Cations | Net positive charge |
Anions | Net negative charge |
Ionic Bonds | An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons |
Chemical Equilibrium | The state in which both reactants and products are present in concentrations which have no further tendency to change with time. |
Solvent | Liquid |
Solute | Substances that dissolve in solvent |
Hydrophilic | Molecules that are water loving |
Hydrophobic | Molecules that are water fearing |
Amphipathic | Molecules that have both polar/ionized and nonpolar regions that form micelles (hydrophobic spheres) in water |
Concentration | Amount of a solute dissolved in a unit volume of solution |
Molarity | Number of moles of a solute dissolved in 1 Liter of water |
Cohesion | Attraction between water molecules |
Adhesion | Attraction between water molecules and surrounding molecules |