Term | Definition |
Democritus's Uncuttable Atom | 1900's, first atomic model, round ball |
Thomson Plum Pudding Model | 1904, second atomic model, positive atoms contained evenly embedded electrons |
Rutherford Model | 1911, third atomic model, positive nucleus surrounded by empty space with electrons |
Bohr Model | 1913, fourth atomic model, electrons travel in fixed orbit around nucleus, which contains protons/neutrons |
Electron Cloud Model | Current atomic model, electrons surround proton/neutron nucleus and don't travel in a fixed orbit |
Proton | Positive subatomic particle |
Electron | Negative subatomic particle |
Neutron | Neutral subatomic particle |
Charging By Contact | The process of transferring charge by touching or rubbing |
Charging By Induction | The rearrangement of electrons on a neutral object caused by a nearby charged object |
The Law of Conservation of Charge | Charge can be neither created nor destroyed, only transferred |
Electric Current | The net movement of electric charges in a single direction |
Voltage Difference | Measured in volts (v), high voltage --> low voltage |
Circuit | A closed path that electric current follows |
Resistance | The tendency of a material to oppose the flow of electrons, changing electrical energy into thermal/light energy |
Increased Resistance | Temperature increase, wire length increase, wire thinness increase, nature of metal (natural high or low resistance) |
Series Circuit | A circuit with only one path for electrons |
Parallel Circuit | A circuit with more than one path for energy to flow |
Closed Circuit | A circuit with no breaks |
Open Circuit | A circuit with one or more breaks |
Fuse | A strip of metal that melts when a current becomes too high/hot |
Circuit Breaker | A piece of metal that bends when the current is too high, causing it to flip a switch and open the circuit |
Magnetic Force | Increases as magnets get closer and decreases as they get further away |
Magnetic Domains | Groups of atoms with aligned magnetic poles |
Magnetic Force Flows... | North-->south |
Permanent Magnet | Has lined up domains, can be removed of magnetic behavior if heated |
Electromagnet | A temporary magnet made by wrapping a wire coil carrying an electric current |
Solenoid | A single wire wrapped into a cylindrical wire coil |
Electric Motor | A device that changes electrical energy into mechanical energy |
Electromagnet Induction | The generation of a current by a changing mechanical field |
Generator | Uses electromagnet induction to transform mechanical energy into electrical energy |
Atomic Number | Tells position on table & number of protons (if neutral, also electrons) |
Mass Number | The total number of protons and neutrons |
Valence Electrons | Electrons in the outer shell |