Question | Answer |
Reactant | Takes place at the beginning of the reaction |
Product | Found at the end of a reaction |
Metabolism | The totality of all chemical reactions occurring within a biological unit |
Anabolic | Reactions that combine smaller reactants to form larger products |
Catabolic | Reactions that break apart larger reactants to form smaller products |
Substrate | The molecule in an enzyme mediated reaction that bonds to the enzyme and is subsequently altered. |
Transition State | A molecular structures maximum point of instability as it beings to undergo a chemical reaction. |
Activation Energy | The energy needed to push a given molecule to its transition state. |
Denaturing | Changes to protein shape that disturb or eliminate their function |
Factors that lead to Denaturing | exposure to high heat
exposure to extremes of PH
exposure to toxic, heavy metals, organic poisons |
How do enzymes affect the rate of reaction? | Enzymes are protein catalysts, that help speed up a specific reaction. |
How do enzymes affect the stability of substrates and the transition state? | Enzymes decrease stability of the substrates and allow the substrate molecules to achieve their transition state at normal body temperatures. |
How do enzymes affect the activation energy? | Enzymes decrease the amount of activation energy required to reach transition state. |
Co Factors | non-protein components of enzymes that assist enzyme functioning, to achieve its proper functional three- dimensional shape.These are usually metals such as zinc, copper, magnesium, or molybdenum |
Co-enzymes | Co-enzymes are simply organic cofactors, they also assist enzyme functioning, by allowing them to achieve their proper functional three-dimensional shape |