Question | Answer |
Organic | Referring to molecules comprised of 1 or more carbon to carbon bonds |
Illustration of a monosaccharide | Monosaccharides can exist as either straight-chain or ring-shaped molecules.Monosaccharides are classified according to the number of carbon atoms they possess. |
Illustration of a disaccharide | s you might suspect based on the di- meaning 'two' prefix, a disaccharide is two monosaccharides combined into one. |
Illustration of a polysacharide | Polysaccharides are formed by three or more monosaccharides, for example Amylose(starch), Amylopectin, Glycogen (animal storage polymer), Cellulose, etc. Amylose, or starch, is a helical chain of Glucose monomers, which are bonded by glycosidic linkages. |
Illustration of an amino acid | Amino acids are molecules used to build proteins. All amino acids have a central carbon atom surrounded by a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group (COOH), an amino group (NH2), and an R-group. |
Illustration of fatty acids | A long hydrocarbon chain. The chain length ranges from 4 to 30 carbons; 12-24 is most common.The chain is typically linear, and usually contains an even number of carbons. A carboxylic acid group. |
Illustration of Triglycerides | Triglycerides are formed by combining glycerol with three fatty acid molecules. ... Alcohols and organic acids join to form esters. The glycerol molecule has three hydroxyl (HO–) groups. |
Illustration of Nucleotides | The nucleotide in DNA consists of a sugar (deoxyribose), one of four bases (cytosine, thymine,, adenine, guanine ), and a phosphate. Cytosine and thymine are pyrimidine bases, while adenine and guanine are purine bases. |
Illustration of phospholipid | phospholipid has both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic component. A single phospholipid molecule has a phosphate group on one end, called the head, and two side-by-side chains of fatty acids that make up the lipid tails. |
Carbohydrates
Monomoers
Polymers | Monosaccharide
Polysaccharide |
Fats
Monomers
Polymers | 3 Fatty Acids
Trisaccharides |
Phospholipids
Monomers
Polymers | 2 Fatty Acids
Phospholipids |
Proteins
Monomers
Polymers | Amino acids
Polypeptides |
Nucleic Acid
Monomers
Polymers | Nucleotide
polynucleotide |
Saturated Fats | Single Bonds
Solid at Room temperatue
Animal Sources
Straight Chains
Stackable |
Unsaturated Fats | Double Bonds
Oily/liquid at Room temperature
Plant Sources
Kinked
Unstackable |
Primary Level | Linear sequence of amino acids
Peptide bonds |
Secondary Level | Helixes, Pleated Sheets
Hydrogen Bonds |
Tertiary Level | Globules, Fibers
Ionic bonds, sulfur bonds, hydrophilic & hydrophobic interactions |
Quaternary | Compound polypeptide
Ionic bonds, sulfur bonds, some hydrogen bonds |
Illustration of a steroid | The steroid core structure is composed of seventeen carbon atoms, bonded in four "fused" rings: three six-member cyclohexane rings (rings A, B and C in the first illustration) and one five-member cyclopentane ring (the D ring). |