| Question | Answer |
| organic molecules | -molecule that always contains carbon and hydrogen
-associated with living things |
| electrons | -subatomic particle that has almost no weight and carries a negative charge
-orbits in a shell about the nucleus of an atom |
| covalently bonding | chemical bond between atoms that results from the sharing of a pair of electrons |
| monomers | one of the similar or identical molecules of which a polymer is made |
| polymers | a macromolecule made by joining many similar or identical molecules (monomers) through similar or identical bonds |
| condensation (dehydration) process | -joins monomers together
-forms water molecules |
| hydrolysis | -polymers are broken down into monomers
-uses water in the process
-splitting of a covalent bond |
| carbohydrates | -organic compound characterized by the presence of CH20 groups
-includes monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
-quick energy for cell |
| lipids | -organic compound that is insoluble in water
-notably fats, oils, and steroids
-contain C, H, and a little O |
| proteins | -organic compound that is composed of either one or several polypeptides
-used for structure, hormones, or enzymes
-contain C,H,O,N and sometimes S |
| nucleic acids | -polymer of nucleotides
-contain the genetic information/code of the cell |
| what is a carbohydrate's monomer? | monosaccharide |
| what is a lipid's monomer? | fatty acid (doesn't have on) |
| what is a protein's monomer? | amino acid |
| what is a nucleic acid's monomer? | nucleotide |
| carbohydrates include... | polysaccharides |
| polysaccharides contain... | disaccharides |
| disaccharides are composed of two... | monosaccharides |
| lipids include... | triglycerides |
| triglycerides are composed of... | fatty acids and glycerol |
| proteins are composed of... | peptides |
| peptides are composed of... | amino acids |
| nucleic acids include... | RNA and DNA |
| RNA and DNA are composed of... | nucleotides |
| high-energy compounds include... | ATP |
| ATP is composed of... | nucleotides and phosphate groups |
| why carbon? | -the second most abundant element in living organisms
-can share four electrons, it can bond to four additional atoms
-establishes covalent bonds (stable, high energy bonds)
-has strength, flexibility, and can chemically react to other atoms |
| which statement correctly describes how carbon's ability to form bonds makes it uniquely suited to form macromolecules? | it forms covalent bonds with other carbon atoms |
| homeostasis | -living cells maintain a balance between materials entering and exiting the cell
-ability to maintain the balance
-it is important for a cell to control internal concentrations of water, glucose, and other nutrients, while eliminating cellular wastes |
| carbohydrates | |
