Question | Answer |
Temperature | Average energy in a molecule/ how hot or cold something is. |
Thermal equilibrium | When two objects in contact change temperature to equal to each other. |
Liquid in glass | Mercury or alcohol in a narrow tube of glass. When warmed it expands up the tube. Specific markings on the side give you the temp. (vice versa) |
Thermistor Thermometer | A ceramic bead on inside will resist the flow of electric current. As temperature decreases more electricity flows through the bead causing higher readings. A microchip transfers the info to a digital readout. (has to have a battery) |
Liquid Crystal | Contains crystals that melt and change colors at specific temperature. As crystals reacts and change color the temperature will be known |
Heat Transfer | Heat is the energy transferred from something of higher temp to something of a lower temp |
Conduction | Transfer of thermal energy by two objects in contact |
Convection | Transfer of thermal energy by the movement of fluid (any liquid or gas |
Radiation | Transfer of thermal energy across a space doesn't require any matter to transfer the energy Radiation does not require any matter to transfer the energy |
Insulation | Way to limit the of thermal energy
Materials that don't easily allow thermal energy to be gained or lost
Works for both hot and cold
Icicles mean heat loss |
Heat engines | An engine that uses fuel to make thermal energy do work
Heat engines are inefficient which means they use a lot of fuel per the output of heat that they produce. Much of the energy is lost to the surroundings ( parts heat up of to the air ) |
Cold heat engines | Another kind of heat engine is one which makes air cold. Think refrigerators and air conditioners.
These machines work in such a way to take heat out of somewhere and put it somewhere else |
Periosteum | Thin living cover on all bones |
Compact bone | Hard part of bone it contains minerals calcium and phosphorus |
Spongy Bone | Found near ends of bone. It is still very hard, but has a sponge like appearance |
Bone Marrow | Found in hollow areas of bones. A gel like substance |
Yellow Marrow | Long part of bone, mostly fatty material |
Red Marrow | In spongy and many flat bones makes new red blood cells, platelets, and most white blood cells |
Bone development | All bone begins as cartilage (soft flexible material) As you develop most cartilage turns into bone. |
Rickets | In children. It prevents normal bone growth. Bones become bent |
Osteoporosis | In elderly. Bone material becomes fragile and breaks easily |
Osteoclasts | Bone Builder
Build now bones and minerals replaces bone material |
Osteoblasts | Bone destroyers
Squirt an acid to dissolve bone to be replaced |
Joints | Places where two or more bones meet or are joined together
Cartilage provides cushioning
Ligament connects the bones together |
Hinge Joint | A hinge joint is a common class of joint that includes the ankle, elbow, and knee joints. HInge joints are formed between 2 or more bones |
Pivot Joint | Allows rotation one bone beside another lower arm and base of cranium and vertebrae |
Immovable | Sternum to ribs
Cranium |
Ball and socket | Shoulder
Hip / Groin |
Gliding | Vertebrae |
Sprain | Twisting or stretching or a ligament past the amount you are supposed to do |
Tear | When a ligament is completely or partially off of the bone |
Nervous System | Body system that sends messages to the brain and back out again to all parts of the body |
Central Nervous System | Brain and Spinal Cord |
Peripheral Nervous System | All of the sensory (senses) and motor (movements) nerves in the body. |
Stimuli | Signals from your body ( inside or outside ) Smells, sounds, sights, etc. |
Response | Reaction to the stimulus ( sent back by the brain )
The reaction could be absolutely nothing or could be to remember it or it could a movement or anything |
Cerebrum | Top of the brain, gray matter
Handles thinking, senses, muscle movements
Divided into left and right hemispheres |
Right side of Brain | Creative
Artistic |
Left side of Brain | Logical
Mathematical |
Cerebellum | Complex muscle actions with cerebrum (coordination and balance)
E. G. riding a bike, sports, video games |
Medulla Oblongata | Brain stem
Handles involuntary actions
Keeps us alive
Heartbeat
Digestion
Breathing
Blinking
Survival instincts
Reflexes
Fight of flight |
Reflexes | Different from normal neuron pathways in that they do not need to travel all the way to the cerebrum
A reflex arc will take a message to the medulla oblongata or the spinal cord so it is handled faster or without you having to think about it |
Headache | Pain that can be caused by a number of factors. Usually only a worry if headache are recurring and severe ( migraines ) 10% of people experience these Sinus Cluster ( near eye )
Tension ( forehead ) Migraine ( half of head ) |
Concussion | Closed head injury. From a fall or a blow to the head
Brain is thrown against cranium
Symptoms
Usually clears in 3 to 5 days, but multiple concussions can build up and cause major problems |
Parkinsons | Disease where person loses body control Speaking Walking Daily tasks
Early signs include tremors in the hands while at rest
Will progressively get worse, no cure
1 in 200 people usually over 60 years |
Stroke | Caused by a lack of blood flow to the brain
Blood clot or aneurysm ( burst blood vessel )
Usually people over 60 years old
Can be massive or slight
One third die One third disabled One third recover |
Tumors | Growth or cuts on or in the brain
Can be cancerous or not
Shows up in CAT scan
May or may not cause problems. Depends on where they are |
Hemiplegic | Brain injury, usually a stroke
Person shows paralysis in half of their body (left or right) |
Paraplegic | Spinal injury in lower back.
Causes paralysis in lower parts of the body ( legs ) |
Quadriplegic | Spinal injury in upper back or neck causes paralysis in all four limbs ( arms and legs ) |
Cell | Basic unit of all living things |
Alive | It has to GROW
It has to reproduce
It has to use food for energy
It has to respond to changes in its environment |