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Science Term 2 Exam
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Temperature | Average energy in a molecule/ how hot or cold something is. |
| Thermal equilibrium | When two objects in contact change temperature to equal to each other. |
| Liquid in glass | Mercury or alcohol in a narrow tube of glass. When warmed it expands up the tube. Specific markings on the side give you the temp. (vice versa) |
| Thermistor Thermometer | A ceramic bead on inside will resist the flow of electric current. As temperature decreases more electricity flows through the bead causing higher readings. A microchip transfers the info to a digital readout. (has to have a battery) |
| Liquid Crystal | Contains crystals that melt and change colors at specific temperature. As crystals reacts and change color the temperature will be known |
| Heat Transfer | Heat is the energy transferred from something of higher temp to something of a lower temp |
| Conduction | Transfer of thermal energy by two objects in contact |
| Convection | Transfer of thermal energy by the movement of fluid (any liquid or gas |
| Radiation | Transfer of thermal energy across a space doesn't require any matter to transfer the energy Radiation does not require any matter to transfer the energy |
| Insulation | Way to limit the of thermal energy Materials that don't easily allow thermal energy to be gained or lost Works for both hot and cold Icicles mean heat loss |
| Heat engines | An engine that uses fuel to make thermal energy do work Heat engines are inefficient which means they use a lot of fuel per the output of heat that they produce. Much of the energy is lost to the surroundings ( parts heat up of to the air ) |
| Cold heat engines | Another kind of heat engine is one which makes air cold. Think refrigerators and air conditioners. These machines work in such a way to take heat out of somewhere and put it somewhere else |
| Periosteum | Thin living cover on all bones |
| Compact bone | Hard part of bone it contains minerals calcium and phosphorus |
| Spongy Bone | Found near ends of bone. It is still very hard, but has a sponge like appearance |
| Bone Marrow | Found in hollow areas of bones. A gel like substance |
| Yellow Marrow | Long part of bone, mostly fatty material |
| Red Marrow | In spongy and many flat bones makes new red blood cells, platelets, and most white blood cells |
| Bone development | All bone begins as cartilage (soft flexible material) As you develop most cartilage turns into bone. |
| Rickets | In children. It prevents normal bone growth. Bones become bent |
| Osteoporosis | In elderly. Bone material becomes fragile and breaks easily |
| Osteoclasts | Bone Builder Build now bones and minerals replaces bone material |
| Osteoblasts | Bone destroyers Squirt an acid to dissolve bone to be replaced |
| Joints | Places where two or more bones meet or are joined together Cartilage provides cushioning Ligament connects the bones together |
| Hinge Joint | A hinge joint is a common class of joint that includes the ankle, elbow, and knee joints. HInge joints are formed between 2 or more bones |
| Pivot Joint | Allows rotation one bone beside another lower arm and base of cranium and vertebrae |
| Immovable | Sternum to ribs Cranium |
| Ball and socket | Shoulder Hip / Groin |
| Gliding | Vertebrae |
| Sprain | Twisting or stretching or a ligament past the amount you are supposed to do |
| Tear | When a ligament is completely or partially off of the bone |
| Nervous System | Body system that sends messages to the brain and back out again to all parts of the body |
| Central Nervous System | Brain and Spinal Cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System | All of the sensory (senses) and motor (movements) nerves in the body. |
| Stimuli | Signals from your body ( inside or outside ) Smells, sounds, sights, etc. |
| Response | Reaction to the stimulus ( sent back by the brain ) The reaction could be absolutely nothing or could be to remember it or it could a movement or anything |
| Cerebrum | Top of the brain, gray matter Handles thinking, senses, muscle movements Divided into left and right hemispheres |
| Right side of Brain | Creative Artistic |
| Left side of Brain | Logical Mathematical |
| Cerebellum | Complex muscle actions with cerebrum (coordination and balance) E. G. riding a bike, sports, video games |
| Medulla Oblongata | Brain stem Handles involuntary actions Keeps us alive Heartbeat Digestion Breathing Blinking Survival instincts Reflexes Fight of flight |
| Reflexes | Different from normal neuron pathways in that they do not need to travel all the way to the cerebrum A reflex arc will take a message to the medulla oblongata or the spinal cord so it is handled faster or without you having to think about it |
| Headache | Pain that can be caused by a number of factors. Usually only a worry if headache are recurring and severe ( migraines ) 10% of people experience these Sinus Cluster ( near eye ) Tension ( forehead ) Migraine ( half of head ) |
| Concussion | Closed head injury. From a fall or a blow to the head Brain is thrown against cranium Symptoms Usually clears in 3 to 5 days, but multiple concussions can build up and cause major problems |
| Parkinsons | Disease where person loses body control Speaking Walking Daily tasks Early signs include tremors in the hands while at rest Will progressively get worse, no cure 1 in 200 people usually over 60 years |
| Stroke | Caused by a lack of blood flow to the brain Blood clot or aneurysm ( burst blood vessel ) Usually people over 60 years old Can be massive or slight One third die One third disabled One third recover |
| Tumors | Growth or cuts on or in the brain Can be cancerous or not Shows up in CAT scan May or may not cause problems. Depends on where they are |
| Hemiplegic | Brain injury, usually a stroke Person shows paralysis in half of their body (left or right) |
| Paraplegic | Spinal injury in lower back. Causes paralysis in lower parts of the body ( legs ) |
| Quadriplegic | Spinal injury in upper back or neck causes paralysis in all four limbs ( arms and legs ) |
| Cell | Basic unit of all living things |
| Alive | It has to GROW It has to reproduce It has to use food for energy It has to respond to changes in its environment |
Created by:
adambatch
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