Question | Answer |
What the difference between genes and environmental factors that influence traits? | Traits influenced by genes come from a person's parents. But these van be changed by environmental factors. For example, you can be born with blond hair (gene), but you can dye it purple (environmental factor). |
What is a carrier? | A carrier is someone that has inherited a recessive allele for a mutation but does not display that trait . Carriers are, however, able to pass the allele onto their offspring. |
What are the male and female sex chromosomes? | Male: sperm, Female: egg |
How does down syndrome occur? | When there is an extra copy of chromosome 21, down syndrome occurs. |
What is sicke-cell anemia? | A mutation where blood cells are sickle shaped. This causes blood cells to get stuck in narrow veins and arteries which causes the blood flow to be stopped. |
What is DNA? (shape and what it is made of) | Deoxyribonucleic acid is shaped like a double helix and is made up of four chemicals: adenine, thymine , guanine, and cytosine. |
What rules must be followed when ACTG bases are paired up? | Adenine must pair up with thymine, and cytosine must pair up with guanine. |
What is a karyotype? | the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species. |
What is selective breeding? | The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as the parents of the next generation. |
What is inbreeding? | When two indivisuals that have similar or identical sets of alleles are crossed. |
What is cloning? | the process of producing a clone (an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced. |
What is a genome? | all the DNA in one cell of an organism |
What was the purpose of the human genome project? | To provide scientists with an encyclopedia of genetic information about humans, cure diseases, genetically modify humans, have a better understanding of what makes humans work. |
What is a mutation? | any change in a gene or chromosome |
What types of mutations can occur? (description) | substitution- when the wrong chemical base is used
deletion- when a base pair is removed
addition/insertion-when a base pair is added |
What is a gene? | a set of instructions for an inherited trait |
What is genetic engineering? | When genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism. |
What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis? | MITOSIS- asexual, daughter cells have the same number of chromosomes, 1 division of the nucleus, produces 2 identical cells
MEIOSIS- sexual, daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes, 2 divisions of the nucleus, produces 4 different cells |
What is unique about an identical twin's DNA? | They have the same DNA |