Term | Definition |
Zaccharias Janssen (1950) | Invention of the first compound microscope. |
Galileo Galilei (1610) | Popularized the compound microscope and improved the instrument with a focusing device. |
Robert Hooke (1665) | Improved the resolution and illumination. Micrographia. Slice cork. Cell theory. Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann |
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1670s) | Ground & mounted his own lenses. Submitted a series of letters and drawings to Royal Society. Bacteria and Protozoas -> Animalcules. |
Spontaneous Generation/Abiogenesis | The belief that life could arise spontaneously from non-living matter. |
Aristotle (384 BC) | "Vital force" in matter. |
Van Helmont (1577-1644) | Recipe for the manufacture of mice. Concept: Odor can transmute substances. |
Francesco Redi (1669) | Demonstrated that maggots do not generate spontaneously from decaying meat. Explain his experiment. |
What was the counter argument for Francesco Redi's maggot experiment? | Fresh air is needed for spontaneous generation. |
John Needham (1748) | Microorganisms arise from spontaneous generation. Boiled chicken and corn broth -> poured into sealed flasks -> microorganisms appeared. |
Lazzaro Spallanzani (1767): | Suggested that microbes probably entered Needham's solution after boiling. Explain his experiment. |
What was Needham's reply to Lazzaro Spallanzani's experiment? | Too much heat destroyed the "vital force" of the nutrient fluid. |
Rudolf Virchow (1858) | "Living cells can arise only from preexisting living cells." Life comes from Life. |
Biogenesis - Louis Pasteur | Microorganisms are present in the air; they can contaminate sterile solutions but air itself or nutrient fluids by themselves do not give rise to microbial life. |
Biogenesis - What was Louis Pasteur first experiment? | |
Biogenesis - What did Louis Pasteur concluded from his first experiment? | Microorganisms in the air were the agents responsible for contaminating non-living matter. |
Biogenesis - What was Louis Pasteur second experiment? | Open ended long-necked s-shaped flasks |
Biogenesis - What did Louis Pasteur concluded from his 2nd experiment? | Microbes are present on non-living matter - solids, liquids, air. Microbial life can be destroy by heat. |