| Question | Answer |
| Proteins | Do the work of the cell |
| Protein Enzyme catalysts | - Speed up chemical reactions |
| Most Enzymes are | Proteins |
| Protein Defense | - Antibodies, immune systems |
| Protein Transporting | - Creating systems that allow organisms to move |
| Protein Support | - Support Cell membrane |
| Protein Regulation | - Controls or regulates systems in body or cell |
| Protein Storage | - Store different Macro-Molecules, nutrients, water, etc |
| Protein Polymers | -Composed of 1 or more long, unbranched chain |
| Chain | - Polypeptide |
| Monomers | - Amino Acids |
| Amino Acid Structures (5) | 1. Central Carbon atom
2. Amino group
3. Carboxyl group
4. Single Hydrogen
5. Variable R group |
| Are R groups the same in Amino Acids? | No. They vary from acid to acid. |
| Amino acids joined by: | Dehydration synthesis |
| Peptide bond | Amino acids joined by dehydration synthesis |
| Where do Amino Acids come from? | -We get them in our diet
- You can also biosynthesize most from other compounds in a complex array of metabolic pathways |
| PKU | Phenylketonuria |
| Phenylketonuria | - Rare genetic metabolic disorder
- Patients lack enzyme necessary to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine
- Phen. accumulates and is converted to phenylpyruvate which causes brain damage, mental retardation, seizures |
| 4 Levels of Structure for Proteins | 1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. Quaternary |
| Protein Primary structure | - sequence of Amino Acids |
| Protein Secondary Structure | - Interaction of groups in the peptide backbone |
| Alpha Helix | - no R-types participate in the structure
- Hydrogen bonds keeping helix together |
| Beta Sheet | Hydrogen bonds through the peptide backbone |
| Protein Tertiary Structure | - Final folded shape of a globular protein |
| Quaternary structure | - Only if you have a protein made of only 1 sub-unit
- subunits in a protein with 2 or more polypeptide chains |
| Sub-units | - arrangement of individual chains |
