Question | Answer |
Function of the fasiculus proprious tract | Coordination for spinal reflexes |
Fine movement proprioceptive fibers from the pectoral girdle and upper extremity enter the cervical cord and ascend to synapse in the M.O.'s ___? | Accessory cuneate nucleus |
Which 2 tracts deal with heart, BP and respiratory rates and rythms? They also do what? | Medial and lateral reticulospinal tracts. Alternate pathway is corticospinal tracts are damaged |
Fiber diameter of corticospinals | 2-25 microns |
What tract assumes corticospinal function if they are damaged? | Rubrospinal and reticulospinal |
Dorsal lateral tract of lissauer is located where? | Between lamina 1 and posterior lateral sulcus |
CNs that enter the spinotrigeminal tract? | 5, 7, 9, 10 |
Input from nucelus gracilis and cuneatus enters the medial lemniscus via what? | Internal arcuate fibers |
Where does the anterior corticospinal tract terminate? do they cross? | Mid thoracic level and yes, they do cross |
Corticospinal fibers decrease as the descend. ___ cervical ___thoracic ____ lumbosacral | 55%, 20%, 25% |
The lateral corticospinal tract contains ___ to ___ % of total corticospinal fibers? | 85-95% |
Where do lateral corticospinal fibers cross over? Why do they cross? | Pyramids of the medulla oblongata and we don<t know |
What tract has the longest, uniterupted axon in the body? | Corticospinal |
Anterior corticopsinal tract has only ___ to ___% of total corticospinal fibers? | 5-15% |
Which lamina do most of the corticospinal tracts synapse with? From here, they like to go to lamina ___? Then they go out to do their buisness. | 7, 9 |
Function of gracilis and cuneatus tracts? | 1. Discrimatory (2 point) touch 2. Vibratory sensation 3. Kinesthetic senstion |
Spinothalamic tract : does the DRG enter the tract directly? | No, it synapses first in the gray matter then it enters the tract |
Spinothalamic tract : Pain and thermal receptors cross over ___ and light touch crosses over ___ | 1. Immediatly 2. Gradually |
Spinothalamis tract neuron #2 ascends to what? | Thalamus |
Spinothalamic tract neuro #3 goes to what? | Post central gyrus |
The spinothalamis tract is found at what cord levels? | All |
What does the spinothalamis tract do as it ascends? | It enlarges |
First fibers to be myelinated in the fetus? | Fasiculus proprius |
Where is the earliest spontaneous movement are integrated here | Fasiculus proprius |
What is the function of the spinothalamis tract? Lateral portion? Anterior portion? | 1. Pain and thermal 2. Light touch (Lewellen's musquitto) |
Where is the origin of the anterior spinocerebellar tract? | Lumbosacral cord grey lamina |
Anterior spinocerebella tract crosses over ___ and again as they enter the ____. | 1. Immediately 2. Cerebellum |
Anterior spinocerebellar terminates in the ___ via the ____ | Cerebellum via the superior cerebellar peduncle |
Which tract is the only one that double crosses? | Anterior spinocerebellar |
Where does the anterior spinocerebellar terminate? | Cerebellum |
Function of the anterior spinocerebellar tract? | Sends info to the cerebellum regarding gross movements of lower body parts...of what is about to happen |
Tract that caries fibers up to Clark<s column from the lower extremity? | Gracilis |
Fibers of the posterior spinocerebellar tract originate from ___ | Clark's column : C8-L3 |
Clark's colum is found from ____ Posterior spinocerebellar tract does not go below ___. | C8-L3 L3 |
Only about ___% of neurons of the corticopsinal tract terminates directly in lamina 9. What are these called? | 3% Betz cells |
These neurons initiate skilled voluntary movement | Pyramidal neurons |
These neurons ensure that our movements are smooth and effective | Extrapyramidal neurons |
Tract functioning in chewing, swallowing, moving the eyes together, and maintains equilibrium | Medial longitudinal fasiculus |
Describe the spinal trigeminal tract | 1. Pain and heat enter through the CNs to spintrigeminal tract 2. Fibers then synaspe with spinotrigeminal nuclei 3. Fibers then ascend up the ventral trigeminothalmic tract up to the thalamus |
85-95% of the 2 million corticopsinal nerve fibers enter the ___ | Lateral corticospinal tract |
The tectospinal tract originates where? | Superior colliculus of midbrain tectum |
Does the tectospinal tract cross as it descends? | Yes |
Is the tectospinal tract pyramidal or extrapyramidal? | Extrapyramidal |
Function of the tectospinal fibers? | 1. POstural reflex enhancement dealing with sight and auditory stimuli 2. It makes adjustements to the trapezius and SCM to move the head |
The mdeial lemniscus accepts input from the ____ of the gracilis and cuneatus tracts via what? It terminates in the what? | 1. Oposit side 2. internal arcuate fibers 3. Thalamus |
From what 2 tracts does the medial lemniscus accept input? | Oposite side of gracilis and cuneatus |
Spinal trigeminal nucleus receives ___ and ___ reception from the face via which nerves? | 1. Thermal 2. Pain 3. 5,7,9,10 |
Origin of rubrospinal tract? Do fibers cross as they descend? | 1.Red nucleus of midbrain 2. Yes |
What ais the name of the corticopsinal fibers that synapse with lamina 9? | Betz cells |
How far down the cord does the vestibulospinal tract run? | All the way down |
What nucelus does cuneocerebellar tract synapse with? Where is it located? | Accessory cuneate nucelus in the MO |
Function of the lateral corticospinals? | Initiates precise skilled motor function especially with distal extremities |
Function of the anterior corticospinals? | Unclear: influences neck and shoulder muscles |
Vestibulospinal tract originates in vestibular nucleous in ___? do fibers cross? | 1. MO 2. No |
Tract responsible for the fine proprioceptive movements of pectoral girdle? | Cuneocerebellar tract |
Tract responsible for fine proproceptive movements from what just happened in muscles themselves. | Posterior spinocerebeallar |
Tracts responsible for two point touch, vibratory sensations and kinesthetic input | Gracilis and cuneatus |
Tract dealing with pain and thermal senstions and light touch | Spinothalamic tract |
DRG enter the cord and ascend via the gracilis tract in the ___ part of the body. Cuneatus enters above ____? Do they cross over when DRG enters tracts? | 1. Lower 2. T6 3. No |
Gracilis and cuneatus fibers fuse superior to their respective nuclei called the what? | Medial Lemniscus |
Function of the rubrospinal tract | Muscle tone for contralateral hand and foot musculature |
Where do fibers from the posterior spinocerebellar tract terminate? | Cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncles |
Gracilis and cuneatus terminate in the ___ in the ___ and the ___ respectively | 1.MO 2. Nucelus gracilis 3. Nucleus Cuneatus |
5 results of lower motor lesions | 1. Hyperflexia 2. Hypotonia 3. Lack of movement 4. Atrophy of muscles 5. Flacid paralysis |
Tract responsible for gross movement of lower body and what is about to happen? | Anterior spinocerebellar tract |
4 results in upper motor neurons | 1. Hypersensitivity 2. Spastic movements 3. Babinbsky 4. Voluntary Paralysis |
Neurons that originates in spinal cord or brainstem and the extend to the PNS | Lower motor neurons |
If you have an upper motor lesion what will happen? | Lower moton neurons wiull not be able to be influenced by the UMNs. This will result in uncoordinated movements such as in cerebral palsy |
What happens during a lower motor neuron lesion? | Little impulse will ever reach the muscle (lack of movement) such as in Polio |
Function of the spinotrigeminal tract? | Sensation of pain and thermal from the face |
Fibers of the tectospinal tract terminate where? | Upper 4 cervical cord level |
Gracilis and cuneatus: After they reach their nuclei, they ascend via the ___? Do they cross over after their nuclei? Where does the second neuron ascend to? Is their a third neuron? Where does it ascend to? | 1.Medial Lemniscus 2. Yes 3. Thalamus 4. Yes, post central gyrus |
Do fibers of the posterior spinocerebellar cross over? | No, they are ispsilateral |
Function of the posterior spinocerebellar tract? | Fine proprioceptive input on what just happened in the muscle |
Proprioceptive fibers dealing with fine movement of the lower extremities may enter the cord below clark's column. What tract carries them up to synapse with clark? | gracilis |
Function of the vestibulospinal tract | Maintains proper orientation when falling. Postural adjustements of ipsilateral extensor muscles... falling on ice |
Fibers that leave the acessory cuneate nucleus form the ___? They ascend to the ___ through the ___ same as the ___? | 1. Cuneocerebellar tract 2. Cerebellum 3. Inferior cerebellar 4. Posterior spinocerebellar tract |
The anterior and lateral corticospinal tacts are motor fibers originating in the ___ downward. | Motor cortex |
Lesions of the spinothalamic tracts can lead to what? | 1. Analgesia 2. Thermoanesthesia |
Rubrospinal tract reaches ___ cord levels. What does it influence? | 1. All cord levels 2. Contralateral hand and foot musculature |
Spinotrigeminal nuclei extends from the ___ through the ___ down to the ____ cord level | 1. Pons 2. MO 3. C1-C4 |
Tracts that are Ispilateral (6) | 1. Gracilis 2. Cuneatus 3. Posterior spinocerebellar 4. Vestibulospinal 5. Medial Reticulospinal 6. Lateral Reticulospinal |
Tract that are contralateral (6) | 1. Spinothalamic 2. Anterior spniocerebellar 3. Anterior corticospinal 4. Lateral Corticospinal 5. Tectospinal 6. Rubrospinal |
Cord level of gracilis | All |
Cord level of cuneatus | T5 or T6 and up |
Cord level of spinothalamic | All |
Cord level of anterior spinocerebellar | All |
Cord level of posterior spinocerebellar | C8 to L3 |
Cord level of cuneocerebellar | C8 and up |
Cord level of anterior coticospinal | Terminates by T6 |
Cord level of lateral corticospinal | All |
Cord level of Tectospinal | Terminates in upper 4 cervical levels |
Cord level of rubrospinal | All |
Cord level of Vestibulospinal | All |
Cord level of medial reticulospinal | All |
Cord level of lateral reticulospinal | All |
Cord level of fasiculus proprius | All |
Cord level of the Dorsolateral tract of lissauer | All |
Which tract may or may not cross over? | Fasiculus proprius |
Gracilis stops picking up infor around ___ | T6 |
___ brings info from the lower limbs | Gracilis |
___ brings info from the upper limbs | Cuneatus |
The double crosser! | Anterior spinocerebellar |
Do for upper limb what clark's nucleus and posterior spinocerebellar do for lower limbs | Cuneocerebellar |
Carries most of corticospinal fibers | Lateral |
Influences trap and SCM | Tectospinal |
If corticopsinals are damaged, it helps out | Rubrospinal and medial + lateral reticulospinal |
Maintains orientation in falling | Vestibulospinal |
Spinospinal fibers | Fasiculus proprius |
Synapses in rexed lamina 2 | Dorsolateral tract of lissauer |