Question | Answer |
What type of inheritance occurs when a third phenotype is present and it is a blend of the pure parents with with a different form of the trait | Incomplete dominance |
What type of inheritance occurs when both alleles are expressed in the hybrid it is not a blend between the two parents | Codominance |
What occurs in snapdragon flowers when red flowers crossed with white flowers produce pink flowers | Incomplete dominance |
Human condition that is sometimes called recessive and sometimes is said to be inherited by codominance due to new information about the heterozygous condition | Sickle-cell disease or Sickle-cell anemia |
The allele responsible for sickle -cell disease is particularly common in people of ____ | African descent |
An advantage for being heterozygous for the sickle-cell trait is | a resistance to malaria |
What is true about the red blood cells of an individual that is heterozygous for the sickle cell trait | they have both normal and sickle-shaped cells |
What is occurring in cattle when cows with red hairs and mated to bulls with white hairs and the offspring have both red and white hairs next to each other | codominance |
What are two major problems that occur with sickle cell anemia | sickle shaped cells are not effective at transporting oxygen and they block circulation in small blood vessels |
What is defective when you have sickle cell anemia | the red blood cell has changes in the hemoglobin and it causes the red blood cell to turn into a C shape ( sickle shape) |
Blood Groups in humans show two types of inheritance.List them | multiple alleles and codominance |
Multiple alleles increases the numbers of ___ and ____ in a population more than just having 2 alleles such as T and t | genotypes and phenotypes |
What can have multiple alleles an individual or a population | a population |
What are the 3 alleles that make up the ABO blood groups in humans... give quick description | The three alleles are called A, B, and O. (look at page 304 for alternate symbols) A and B are equal and O is recessive.. |
Give two ways that blood type A occurs ( this is a phenotype)... what are the two genotypes | AO is heterozygous and AA is homozygous |
Give two ways that blood type B occurs ( this is a phenotype)... What are the two genotypes | BO is heterozygous and BB is homozygous |
What is special about blood type AB ( a phenotype) | It has an A allele and a B alleles which are equal dominance or codominant... .. there is only this one genotype if you have AB blood |
What is special about type O blood ( a phenotype) | It is a recessive genotype with two O alleles (OO) or you could also write it as ii there is only one genotype for type O blood |
Chromosomes that have nothing to do with determining gender are called | autosomes |
What are the chromosomes that determine gender? explain | the sex chromosomes ( X and Y) determine an organisms gender |
Which sex chromosomes are found in a female | XX |
Which sex chromosomes are found in a male | XY |
Who determines the gender of the offspring and How does it work | the male... if he give the offspring an X a girl is produced....if he gives the offspring a Y then a boy is produced |
What is the chance of getting a female child or a male child | 50% previous children do not enter into this calculation ..all births have a 50/50 chance of being a girl or a boy |
traits controlled by genes located on the X chromosomes go by two names.... | sex-linked traits or X-linked traits |
which sex is more likely to have a sex-linked recessive trait since they only need one recessive gene to have the condition | male |
which sex is the carrier of a sex-linked recessive trait | female |
Name two sex-linked recessive traits | red-green colorblindness and hemophilia |
what is the problem with hemophilia | delayed clotting of the blood |
What families were well known for having the condition of hemophilia | the royal families of England, Germany, Spain and Russia |
Traits like skin color, height, eye color, that have continuous variation in the phenotypes .and can be graphed as a bell curve with more intermediate phenotypes that extreme phenotypes | polygenic traits |
traits determined by an interaction of multiple pairs of genes are called | polygenic |
What has an effect on phenotype other than genes | environment |
type of twins used to determine the influence of environment on a genetic trait since they have the same genotype | identical twins |
type of twins that are just two siblings being born on the same date. they do not have the same genotype | fraternal twins |