Term | Definition |
Cholera pathogen | Vibrio cholerae (bacterium) |
Malaria pathogen | Plasmodium falciparum , p. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae (protoctist) |
HIV/AIDS pathogen | human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
Tuberculosis pathogen | Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis (in cattle) bacterium |
Smallpox pathogen | Variola virus |
Measles pathogen | a species of Morbillvirus |
Infectious diseases | diseases caused by organisms called pathogen |
carriers | people who can spread a pathogen but they are symptomless |
transmission cycle | the way a pathogen passes from one host to another |
Site of action for cholera pathogen | wall of small intestine |
Choleragen | toxin secreted by Cholera pathogen. It disrupts the functions of the epithelium lining of the small intestine resulting in salts and water leaving the blood which cause severe diarrhea. |
Treating cholera | Oral rehydration therapy in which glucose is effective. Ensure patients fluid losses in balanced with fluid intake which maintains osmotic balance of blood and tissue fluids. |
Cholera clinical features/ symptoms | severe diarrhea, loss of water and salts, dehydration, weakness. |
Cholera transmission | Occurs when people do not have access to proper sanitation and uncontaminated food. The bacteria is passed out through feces and handling food without washing hands. |
Cholera method of diagnosis | microscopical analysis of feces |
Cholera incubation period | 2 hours to 5 days |
Malaria method of transmission | female Anopheles mosquito (insect vector) |
Malaria incubation period | from a week to a year |
Malaria clinical features/ symptoms | fever, anemia, nausea, headaches, muscle pain, shivering, sweating, enlarged spleen |
Malaria site of action | liver, red brain cells, and brain cells. |
Malaria | |
Epidemic | Sudden increase of people with disease but not all around the world |
Pandemic | Increase of cages in a continent or across the world |
Endemic | Disease always in population, worldwide |
4 ways that antibiotics interfere with pathogens | 1. synthesis of bacteria walls
2. protein synthesis
3. cell membrane function
4. enzyme action |
broad spectrum antibiotics | effective to a wide range of bacteria |
narrow spectrum antibiotics | active only against a few |
contact tracing | when an infected person identifies all people they have been in contact with. |