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AICE Biology
Infectious diseases
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cholera pathogen | Vibrio cholerae (bacterium) |
| Malaria pathogen | Plasmodium falciparum , p. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae (protoctist) |
| HIV/AIDS pathogen | human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
| Tuberculosis pathogen | Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis (in cattle) bacterium |
| Smallpox pathogen | Variola virus |
| Measles pathogen | a species of Morbillvirus |
| Infectious diseases | diseases caused by organisms called pathogen |
| carriers | people who can spread a pathogen but they are symptomless |
| transmission cycle | the way a pathogen passes from one host to another |
| Site of action for cholera pathogen | wall of small intestine |
| Choleragen | toxin secreted by Cholera pathogen. It disrupts the functions of the epithelium lining of the small intestine resulting in salts and water leaving the blood which cause severe diarrhea. |
| Treating cholera | Oral rehydration therapy in which glucose is effective. Ensure patients fluid losses in balanced with fluid intake which maintains osmotic balance of blood and tissue fluids. |
| Cholera clinical features/ symptoms | severe diarrhea, loss of water and salts, dehydration, weakness. |
| Cholera transmission | Occurs when people do not have access to proper sanitation and uncontaminated food. The bacteria is passed out through feces and handling food without washing hands. |
| Cholera method of diagnosis | microscopical analysis of feces |
| Cholera incubation period | 2 hours to 5 days |
| Malaria method of transmission | female Anopheles mosquito (insect vector) |
| Malaria incubation period | from a week to a year |
| Malaria clinical features/ symptoms | fever, anemia, nausea, headaches, muscle pain, shivering, sweating, enlarged spleen |
| Malaria site of action | liver, red brain cells, and brain cells. |
| Malaria | |
| Epidemic | Sudden increase of people with disease but not all around the world |
| Pandemic | Increase of cages in a continent or across the world |
| Endemic | Disease always in population, worldwide |
| 4 ways that antibiotics interfere with pathogens | 1. synthesis of bacteria walls 2. protein synthesis 3. cell membrane function 4. enzyme action |
| broad spectrum antibiotics | effective to a wide range of bacteria |
| narrow spectrum antibiotics | active only against a few |
| contact tracing | when an infected person identifies all people they have been in contact with. |
Created by:
jcore
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