Question | Answer |
Why is the digestive system important? | It allows us to take in and process food so that we could provide our body with the nutrients and energy needed for metabolism. |
Mechanical digestion. | Food is made smaller using teeth and tongue, physical breakdown. |
Chemical digestion. | Food is broken down using enzymes. |
Where does chemical digestion begin? | The mouth. |
Where does the digestion of starches begin? | The mouth. |
What enzyme breaks down starches in the mouth that is present in saliva? | Amylase. |
Where does ingestion begin? | The mouth. |
Another name for the mouth. | Oral cavity. |
What do teeth do? | Mechanically break down food into smaller pieces. |
What does the tongue do? | Mixes up chewed food and pushes it down the throat. |
What do the salivary glands do? | Secrete saliva through a duct and into the mouth. |
Esophagus. | Tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. |
Wavelike contractions that move food down the esophagus. | Peristalsis. |
Seals off the trachea while eating so food isn't accidentally inhaled. | Epiglottis. |
Another name for windpipe. | Trachea. |
Another word for throat. | Pharynx. |
Function of the stomach. | A muscular organ that helps to liquefy and digest food while also secreting/releasing digestive enzymes. |
Present in the gastric juices in the stomach, helps breakdown food, kills bacteria, and helps maintain a proper pH. | Hydrochloric acid. |
Gastirc glands/Juices. | Enzymes. |
Secretes mucus in the stomach. | Pyloric acids. |
Where does final digestion occur? | Small intestine. |
Where does the absorption of nutrients occur? | Small intestine. |
Enzymes in the small intestine that help it break down proteins, lipids, and sugars. | Protease, Lipase, and Maltase/Sucrase. |
True or False: Most chemical digestion occurs in the stomach. | False, the small intestine. |
A lining in the small intestine that increases surface area and are covered in capillaries/blood vessels for absorbing digested materials. | Villi. |
Where diffusion of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. | Capillaries. |
Another name for the large intestine. | Colon. |
Function of the large intestine. | Reabsorbs water and forms undigested material into semi-solid feces. |
Where is feces stored? | In the rectum. |
Where is the feces released and what is this process called? | Anus, egestion/defecation. |
Alimentary canal. | The tube through which food passes, extends from the mouth to the anus. |
Another name for alimentary canal. | GI Tract/Digestive tube. |
Organs which the alimentary canal passes through. | Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus. |
Three accessory organs. | Liver, gall bladder, pancreas. |
Function of the liver. | Produces bile to emulsify (break down into smaller droplets) fats. |
Function of the gall bladder. | Stores bile. |
Function of the pancreas. | Makes and stores the digestive enzyme, pancreatic juice. |
End product of the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. | Simple sugars, fatty acids and glycerol, amino acids. |
Where does the breakdown of protein begin? | Stomach. |
Elimination of watery feces. | Diarrhea. |
Disorder that results in dehydration. | Diarrhea. |
Frequent evacuation of wastes. | Diarrhea. |
Quick peristaltic activity. | Diarrhea. |
Disorder where feces remains in the colon for too long. | Constipation. |
Caused by little fiber and water in diet. | Constipation. |
Sluggish peristaltic activity. | Constipation. |
Small, hardened cholesterol deposits that form in the gall bladder, block the flow of bile and cause severe pain. | Gallstone. |
Inflammation of the appendix. | Appendicitis. |
An open, painful sore that erodes the stomach lining. | Ulcers. |