Question | Answer |
What is the difference between and a base? | Acid is anything 0-6 on the pH scale and a base is anything 7-14 |
What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning? | inductive reasoning- having specific facts coming to a general conclusion
deductive reasoning- having general facts coming to a specific conclusion |
What are the attributes of life? | exhibits movement, achieves growth, reproduces, comes from similar preexisting life, has similar chemical makeup, is composed of cells, responds to stimuli, and requires energy |
What is the difference between physical change and chemical change? | physical change- when its form change but its chemical makeup is the same
chemical change- when its chemical makeup is change (i.e. burning wood) |
What are the 3 types of bonds? | Ionic, Peptide, and Hydrogen |
What is Hydrogen bonding? | a weak bond between 1 hydrogen and either 1 nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine bond. prominent in water |
What is Ionic bonding? | a bond between a positive and negative charge |
What is Peptide bonding? | a covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive amino acid monomers along a peptide or protein chain. |
What is glucose? | a simple 6 carbon sugar |
What are enzymes? | a protein molecule that is produced by living cells to catalyse a specific reaction |
What do enzymes do? | speed up reactions, tear things down, build things up |
What are enzymes made up of? | amino acids |
What is a sterol? | a lipid composed of a carbon backbone with 4 carbon rings and a side chain of carbon atoms |
What do sterols do? | causes a reaction in your body to start growing |
What are sterols made up of? | lipids |
What is Ribose? | a sugar in RNA and Glucose |
What do Ribose do? | naturally occurring sugar from glucose |
What are Ribose made up of? | 5 carbon simple sugar |
What is the difference between mono and disaccharide? | mono- a simple sugar
disaccharide- a sugar composed of 2 monosaccharides |
What do amino groups make up? | amino acids |
What do amino acids make up? | proteins |
How many amino acids are there? | 20 |
What is the basic unit of inheritance? | genes |
What is a monomer? | a molecule that consist of 1 unit and can combine to make more complex things |
What is the basic unit for proteins? | amino acids |
What is the difference between RNA and DNA? | RNA has 1 strand of hydrogen bonds DNA has 2 |
What are the 3 different types of RNA? | mRNA tRNA and rRNA |
What microscope allows you to see in 3D? | Scanning electron microscope |
what is the difference between scanning tunnelling microscope and transmission electron microscope? | SEM lets you see in 3d TEM lets you see 2d TEM transmits electrons on the object SEM scans the object |
What is cell fraction? | a process to separate different parts of the cell to study a specific organelle |
What does the smooth er do? | produce sterols and break down toxins |
What does the Golgi apparatus do? | prepares substances to be recreated by cells |
What does the cytoskeleton do? | provides structure for the cell |
What does cilia do? | provide locomotion or move substances over the surface of the cell |
What does flagellum do? | provide locomotion or move substances over the surface of the cell |
What do lysosomes do? | breaks down ingested substances, old organelles, and cytoplasmic molecules |
What does rough er do? | produces proteins |
What does the mitochondria do? | transforms energy stored into sugars and usable energy |
What is the difference between saturated and non saturated fat? | non saturated fats are liquid are room temperature and saturated fats are solid at room temperature |
What are examples are saturated and unsaturated fat? | Saturated-butter
Unsaturated-natural peanut butter |
What is Gap junctions? | The space between cels; use for communication |
What are the 3 types of tonics? | Hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic |
What is hypotonic? | net movement of water in the cell |
What is hypertonic? | net movement of water out side of the cell |
What is isotonic? | no net movement of water |
What is the phases of interphase? | G1, Phase and G2 phase |
What phase do cells spend most of their time in? | Interphase |
What is cytokinesis? | the cytoplasmic division of a cell in mitosis/meiosis |
What happens to the light reaction during photosynthesis? | the light dependent reactions use energy from sunlight to produce oxygen and convert ADP and NADP into the energy carriers ATP by NADH |
What are the products of photosynthesis? | glucose (C6H12O6) and 6 oxygen |
What organisms do photosynthesis? | plants, algae, |
What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs? | autotrophs make their own food to gain energy
heterotrophs eat autotrophs to gain energy |
What does the chloroplast do? | Reflect green light, and photosynthesis occurs. |
What is the stomata? | the wholes on the bottom of the leaf that allows it to do gas exchange |
What is sub strait level phosphorylation? | ATP is made in the Kreb's cycle |
What is oxidative phosphorylation? | ATP is made in the ETC cycle |
What is photo phosphorylation? | ATP is made in photosynthesis |
What does the light dependent phase use to create ATP? | Photons of light |
What does the energy come for photosynthesis? | light energy |
What does the energy come from in the light independent phase? | From the light in the light dependent phase |
What is in the nucleus of an atom? | Protons and Neutrons |
What make up tissues? | cells |
What Community vs Ecosystem? | Ecosystem- all the living and non living parts
Community- all the living thing |
What is biology? | The study of life |
What is the solute vs solvent? | Solute- the thing that is dissolving the object
Solvent- the thing being dissolved |
Where do acids and base make? | water and salt |
Do all plants do photosynthesis? | Yes |
What reactants of photosynthesis? | CO2 and water |
What do hormones do? | they trigger a response in the body |
How many total chromosomes are in the body? | 46 |
What types of respiration do glycolysis? | CAR, Alcohol fermentation, and Lactic Acid |
What do plants do? | CAR and photosynthesis |
What do the ETC go through? | multiple proteins |
What hydrolysis? | using water to split molecules |
What is dehydration? | taking water out to bring molecules together |
What do our body use ATP for? | energy |
What is a catalyst? | an enzyme that speeds up a chemical reaction? |
Which types of respiration does glycolysis? | all of them |
What does glucose break down to in Glycolysis? | Puruvate |
How much ATP is made in each phase? | Glycolysis and Kreb's cycle 2 each
ETC 32 |