Term | Definition |
Why do cells divide? | cell growth and development, replace themselves, repair, reproduction |
Nuclear division- | what goes on in the nucleus |
Two types of nuclear division- | mitosis and meiosis |
Mitosis produces- | two genetically identical daughter cells that are also identical to the mother cell |
Meiosis produces- | one cell gives rise to four daughter cells, each genetically different with half the genetical material of the mother cell |
Interphase- | the state the cell is in when it is not dividing |
Mitotic phase and cytokinesis- | the process in which the end result is two genetically identical cells |
Five stages of mitosis- | prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis |
Prophase- | chromatin coils up to form chromosomes, nucleoli disappear, mitotic spindle forms |
Prometaphase- | nuclear envelope ruptures, mitotic spindle enters the nuclear area |
Metaphase- | chromosomes align at midline of cell |
Anaphase- | sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles, cell elongates due to the action of non-kinetochore fibers |
Telophase and cytokinesis- | nuclear envelope reforms, chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin, spindle disappears, cytokinesis |
Cytokinesis- | cell cycle regulation |
Gap 1 checkpoint- | if the cell is not ready for cell division it will be stopped, if it is ready it will continue |
M checkpoint- | checks for full chromosomal attachment |
External regulating factors- | growth factor, density dependent inhibition, anchorage dependence |
Internal molecule regulation- | cyclically operating set of molecules that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell |
Cyclin-dependent kinases- | enzymes responsible for phosphorylating molecules to activate/inactivate them, present in cytoplasm |
Cyclin- | protein molecules whose concentration oscillates during the cell cycle |