Term | Definition |
Where does the Calvin cycle take place? | in the stroma |
Where does photosynthesis take place? | In the chloroplast |
Photosynthesis- | The conversion of light energy into chemical energy, food, or sugars |
Formula for photosynthesis- | light energy + 6 CO2 + 12H2O Right Arrow C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
What is needed for photosynthesis to occur? | carbon dioxide, water, and light energy |
What does carbon get reduced to? | Sugar |
What does water get oxidized to? | oxygen |
What is produced by photosynthesis- | glucose, water, and oxygen |
What are major features of photosynthesis? | Light reaction and the Calvin Cycle? |
Phototroph- | ability to use light as energy |
Chemotroph- | require chemical energy or food |
Autotroph- | self feed, take carbon and form it into an orgain molecules |
Heterotroph- | human |
Chemoheterotroph- | get energy from another source |
Do fungi photosynthesize? | no |
First stage of photosynthesis- | light reactions |
Light reactions- | a series of redox reactions that convert light energy into ATP and NADPH |
Where is light absorbed into? | photosystem one and two |
What is water used for in photosystem 2? – | water is split and its electrons are donated to electron transport chain |
What is the function of the CTY complex? | pumps protons from the stroma into the lumen of the thylakoid, creating a proton motive force |
Reaction center- | where electrons get pumped into in each photosystem |
Primary electron acceptor- | where electrons get pumped out of in each photosystem |
Photophosphorylation and chemiosmosis- | proton motive force is pumped through ATP synthase and produces ATP to be used in Calvin cycle |
NADP+ reductase- | protein that reduces NADP+ into NADPH |
How many electrons are moved down the electron transport chain? | 2 electrons |
What gets put into the Calvin cycle- | 3 carbon, one at a time |
Phase one of Calvin cycle- | carbon fixation, uses 6 ATP and 6 NADH |
Phase two of Calvin cycle- | reduction, the output is one sugar molecule (G3P) |
How many G3P molecules are used in the rest of the cycle?- | 5 G3P |
How many ATP are used in the last steps of the Calvin cycle? | 3 ATP |
Rubisco- | catalyzes the fixing of phosphate at first step of Calvin cycle |
Cyclic electron flow- | electrons flow in a circle through photosystem one and surrounding proteins creating extra ATP |
Pigment molecules- | embedded in thylakoid membrane, can absorb visible wavelengths of light, important to light reactions |
Third phase of Calvin cycle- | regeneration phase |
Photorespiration- | when the rubisco molecule grabs oxygen instead of CO2, and the plant can't produce sugar. |
Pep carboxylase- | fixes carbon dioxide in special way. Can never make a mistake, only grabs carbon. Special enzyme |
C4 plants- | plants that utilize pep carboxylase (i.e. corn) |
CAM plants- | plants that maximize photosynthesis and eliminate photorespiration by fixing carbon at night and running the Calvin Cycle during the day. |