Question | Answer |
Cell Wall | made of cellulose-only found in plant and is a bacteria
provides rigidity, shape and protection-has a strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells
most bacteria in plant cells are enclosed by a cell wall |
How many percent of the bacteria is water? | 80-90% |
Is a bacteria a prokaryote or eukaryote | prokaryote |
Cell Membrane | thin, flexible barrier that surronds all cells
regulates what enters and leaves the cell
found in plants and animals-and is a bacteria |
Ribosome | site of protein synthesis-found in plants and animals and is a bacteria
make up proteins that will be utilized inside or outside of the cell
consisting of RNA and proteins from throughout of cytoplasm in a cell |
Where is bacteria found? | everywhere (plants, dirt, soil, air, in your body, etc.) |
Smooth ER | makes lipids and hormones-found in plants and animals and isn't a bacteria
it processes toxins and found in large quantities in the liver
has a double membrane and no ribosomes |
Canals that enable the transport of materials throughout the cell is called? | ER |
What type of cell is a bacteria? | single cell |
Rough ER | composed of flattish sealed sacs responsible for production and exports of proteins, glycoproteins, and hormones
has ribosomes-found in plants and animals and isn't a bacteria |
Nucleus | round membrane bound organelle that serves as the control center for cell metabolism and reproduction
largest organelle contains the cells genetic material cell DNA
found in plants and animals-isn't a bacteria |
Eukaryote | organisms whose cells contain a nucleus
found in plants and animals |
How does bacteria reproduce? | binary fission
budding
fragmentation |
Where is the site of protein synthesis? | ribosomes |
Prokaryote | unicellular organism that doesn't have a nucleus
found in bacteria |
Cytoplasm | watery material that lies between the cell membrane and nucleus
many reactions for cell metabolism to take place
found in plants and animals-is a bacteria |
What shapes are bacteria? | round
rod
spiral |
Organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell |
Vacuole | enclosed by membrane and typically contains water, sugars, and wastes
found in plants and animals-isn't a bacteria
plant: central vacuole
animal: small vacuole |
Where is the site of photosynthesis? | chloroplast |
Golgi Bodies | stacks of flattened membrane sacs that serves as the post office for the cell
modifies, sorts, packages, and store products in cell, or releases it outside of the cell
found in plants and animals-isn't a bacteria |
What is the most import growth factors for a bacteria? | moisture
pH
temperature |
Mitochondria | powerhouse of the cell
double membrane outer and inner
cellular respirations occurs
found in plants and animals-isn't a bacteria |
What are small sacks that contain digestive enzymes? | vacuoles |
Chloroplast | contains chlorophyll and has a double membrane
site of photosynthesis
found in plants-isn't bacteria |
Lysosome | digestion and waste removal occurs-breaks down lipids, proteins, carbohydrates into small molecules that can be used for the rest of the cell
breaks down old organelles- found in plants and animals- isn't a bacteria |
How does a bacteria move? | flagella and cilia |
Plasma Membrane | another way to call the cell membrane
it controls the movement of molecules into and out of the cell |
What is the energy producing organelle? | mitochondria |
Selective Premeability | it controls the movement of molecules into and out of the cell
allows some substances to pass across it while others cannot |
How is DNA represented in a bacteria? | circular chromosomes |
What is the membrane made of? | phospholipid bilayer |
What is the structure that controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell in both plant and animal cells? | cell membrane |
What part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic? | phosphate head |
What part of the phospholipid hydrophobic? | fatty acid tails |
What is the control center of the cell that contains DNA? | nucleus |
What is embedded in the phospholipid bilayer? | proteins |
What packs and sorts materials for the cell? | glogi bodies |
Some of the membrane proteins have? | carbohydrate chains |
Diffusion | molecules of a substance tend to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
Concentration Gradient | the difference between an area of high concentration and an area of low concentration |
What provides internal structure for plant cells? | cytoplasm |
Osmosis | diffusion of water |
Which direction does water move across membranes? | down |
Homeostasis | relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain |
Isotonic Solution | concentration is the same inside and outside of the cell |
Hypertonic Solution | concentration of solute is higher outside of the cell |
Hypotonic Solution | concentration of solute is lower outside the cell |
Passive Transport | materials move with the concentration gradient from high to low concentration |
Does passive transport require energy? | no |
What are 3 types of passive transport? | simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis |
Active Transport | materials may move against the concentration gradient from low to high concentration |
Does active transport require energy? | yes |
What are 2 types of active transport? | endocytosis
exocytosis |
Simple Diffusion | going through the bilayer |
Facilitated Diffusion | going through proteins
molecules pass across the membrane through cell membrane channels |
Vesicle | a sac created from cell membrane |
Endocytosis | the process of transporting materials into the cells by mean of a vesicle |
Exocytosis | movement of materials out of the cell |
What are the 3 parts of the Cell Theory? | all living things are made of cells or products of those things
new cells and only from other living cells-bacteria dividing
all cells carry on life activities (processes) |