Question | Answer |
Micturition | brain gives bladder permission to empty, bladder contracts, urinary sphincter relaxes, urine leaves body through urethra |
Glomerulus | cluster of capillaries in each nephron that filters water, glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid, creatinine, and major electrolytes |
Nephrons | functional unit of kidneys, remove waste products from blood, play major role in regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance |
Erythropoietin | hormone produced by kidneys that stimulate RBC production and bone marrow maturation |
Renin-Angiotensin System | method of BP control in kidneys, release of aldosterone and prostacyclin |
Aldosterone | causes retention of water, increases blood volume |
Prostaglandin E2 & Prostacyclin | vasoldilation to maintain renal blood flow |
Minerals regulated by kidneys | calcium and phosphate |
Pathological conditions affecting urinary elimination | DM, MS, stroke, arthritis, Parkinson’s, dementia, CPS, spinal cord injury, IVDD above S1, prostatic enlargement |
Hematuria | blood in urine |
Pyelonephritis | Upper UTI |
Dysuria | pain or burning with urination |
Nursing History | review of patient’s elimination patterns, symptoms, assessment of factor that are affecting th eability to urinate normally |
Oliguria | diminished urinary output in relation to fluid intake |
Polyuria | voiding excessive amounts of urine |
Nocturia | awakened from sleep because of urge to urinate |
Specific Gravity of Urine | 1.0053-1.030 |
Most people experience strong urge to urinate when bladder is how full? | 400-600 mL |
Postvoid Residual PVR | amount of urine left in bladder after voiding measured by bladder scan or straight cath |
Older adults experience this change in mental status with UTIs | delerium |
Continent Urinary Reservoir | created from distal part of ileum and proximal part of colon |
Orthotopic Neobladder | uses ileal pouch to replace bladder |
Under how many mLs per hour of urine output is concerning | 30mLs/hr |
Time frame for urine specimen to arrive to lab | 2 hours |