Question | Answer |
A vascular superficial layer that is the outer, protective layer | Epidermis |
Manufactures Vitamin D (which is manufactured by the sun) | Epidermis |
Second layer of the skin | Dermis |
Gives skin structure, texture, substance, flexibility and strength | - Collegen
- Reticulum
- Elastin |
Responsible for collagen synthesis and wound healing | Fibroblasts |
Responsible for fluid and microbial removal | Lymphatic glands |
Responsible for nutrients and thermoregulation | Blood vessels |
Contains mast cells for inflammatory responses as well as macrophages (engulfing/repairing cells) | Dermis |
Layer of skin the attaches skin to underlying tissue and organ | Hypodermis (Subcutaneous layer) |
Sweat Glands contains | - Eccrine
- Apocrine |
Eccrine | Regulates Body temperature |
Apocrine | - Produces body odor |
Skin dryness | Xerosis |
Actinic lentigo | Brown spot of aging |
What is released in response to injury? | - Prostaglandins
- Histamine |
Systemic response to infection include | Elevated temp, chills, fever, malaise, fatigue, lymph node swelling, leukocytosis (WBC > 10,000), poor appetite, positive wound/blood cultures |
Labs to monitor inflammation | WBC, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) |
Vitamins that aid in tissue healing | A, B, C and K |
Primary (1st) intention healing | Shortened phase
Closed/uncomplicated/clean wound
Initial (inflammatory) phase
Scar contraction/maturation phase
7 days and continues several months
Thin scar |
Secondary intention healing | Granulation/contraction
Deeper tissue injury or wound
Irregular wound margins
Greater inflammatory response with more debris/cells/exudate
Healing takes place from inside out
More granulation tissue/larger wound
Takes longer to heal |
Tertiary (3rd) intention healing | Delayed suturing of wound
Contaminated wound left open
Primary wound infected, reopened surgically
High risk for infection
Large, deeper scar |
Phases of wound healing | Physiological process
Inflammatory phase
Proliferative phase
Remodeling phase |
Serous fluid | Thin, clear of slightly yellow |
Serosanguinous fluid | Mixture of both clear and bloody exudate; pink |
Sanguineous fluid | Both serum and red blood cells, thicker reddish appearance |
Purulent | WBCs, tissue debris and bacteria
Thick, different color--brown, green, yellow drainage
May have odor--abnormal |
Proliferative/Maturation phase = repair phase | Granulation tissue and epithelial cells form
Scar formation usually occurs |
Partial thickness wounds (Stage II) | Damage to epidermis and upper latter of dermis
Heals by re-epithelialization within 5 to 7 days
Skin injury immediately followed by local inflammation |
Full thickness wounds (Stage III or IV) | Damage to lower layers of dermis and subcutaneous tissue
Removal of tissue results in defect, fills with granulation
Bone, tendon and muscle exposed |