Question | Answer |
Rod-shaped structures made of DNA and proteins | Chromosome |
Proteins that help maintain the shape of the chromosomes and aid in packing DNA, and is wrapped in DNA | Histone |
One o the two identical halves that make up a chromosome, and form as the DNA copies itself before cell division | Chromatid |
The point where two chromatids are attached | Centromere |
The less tightly packed DNA-protein complex | Chromatin |
Chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism, and that may carry genes for other characteristics | Sex Chromosome |
All of the other chromosomes in an organism that are not sex chromosomes | Autosome |
The two copies of each autosome, which are the same size and shape and carry the same genes for that trait | Homologous chromosome |
The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species | Karyotype |
Cells that have two sets of chromosomes, and have two autosomes for each homologous pair | |
Sperm cells and egg cells are these cells, which contain only one set of chromosomes | Diploid |
The division of prokaryotic cell into two offspring cells | Haploid |
A process that results in new cells with genetic material that is identical to the genetic material of the original cell | Binary Fission |
The production of offspring from one parent | Mitosis |
Occurs during the formation of gametes, and reduces the chromosome number by half in new cells | Asexual Reproduction |
Haploid reproductive cells involved with meiosis | Meiosis |
The time between cell divisions, and divided into three other phases | Gamete |
e | e |
a | Cytokinesis |
The second phase of mitosis | Prophase |
b | Spindle Fiber |
c | Metaphase |
d | Anaphase |
e | Telophase |
f | Cell Plate |
g | Synapsis |
h | Tetrad |
i | Crossing-over |
j | Genetic Recombination |
k | Independent Assortment |
l | Spermatogenesis |
m | Oogenesis |
n | Polar body |
The reproduction with two parents | Sexual Reproduction |