Question | Answer |
What is Auricular Hematoma? | When Blood pools between the skin and the cartilage. |
What is another name Auricular Hematoma? | Cauliflower Ear |
What is the MOI of Auricular Hematoma? | single or repeated blunt trauma or shearing forces to external ear |
What happens over time to cause the deformity in Auricular Hematoma? | Over time the hematoma scars |
What are the fours things you will see or feel in evaluation of Auricular Hematoma? | External ear appear violently red,
Swelling, Pain w/ palpation; hardened nodules, sometimes decreased hearing & balance |
What is Otitis Externa? | Infection of the external auditory meatus |
What is another name for Otitis Externa? | swimmers ear |
What happens in Otitis Externa? | Dark, damp environment encourages growth of bacteria or fungus |
What is the MOI of Otitis Externa? | inadequate drying of the ear canal |
What are the eight possibel signs and symptoms for Otitis Externa? | constant pain, Constant pressure; itching; hearing deficit; dizziness; redness; clear discharge from middle ear; enlarged lymph nodes |
What is Otitis Media? | Inflammation of the ear’s mucous membranes |
What happens to cause Otitis Media? | Eustachian tubes become blocked resulting in increased pressure within inner ear |
What are the six common signs and symptoms for Otitis Media? | Masks as a URI, ear feels blocked; pressure in inner ear; pain in inner ear; fluid build-up; hearing loss |
What more severe injury can happen due to Otitis Media? | Tympanic Membrane rupture |
What causes Tympanic Membrane rupture? | mechanical pressure or intrusion |
What are the six main signs and symptoms for Tympanic Membrane rupture? | inward & outward radiating pain; tinnitus; blood or fluids leaking from ear; redness; perforation; hearing loss |
What diagnostic test would allow an audible escape of air come from the inner ear when dealing with a tympanic membrane rupture? | Valsalva maneuver |
What is the MOI of a Nasal fracture? | direct blow to nose |
What are the eight s/s for nasal fracture? | pain on the bridge of the nose;radiating pain on frontal & zygomatic bones;
visible deformity; bleeding; ecchymosis (raccoon eyes); deviated septum; crepitus;
diminished sense of smell and breathing |
What is the most common type of facial fracture? | Nasal fracture |
What is saddle nose deformity? | Repeated trauma that causes necrosis of the nasal cartilage |
What should be used and what should be inspected for a possible deviated septum? | Internal nose with a penlight or otoscope |
What is the breathing technique whne trying to asses a deviated septum? | athlete should try to breath through one nostril while the other one is closed |
What is the 2nd most common facial fracture? | Mandibular Fracture |
What is the MOI for a mandibular fracture? | direct blow to the mandible on anterior or lateral aspect |
What are the s/s you might encounter with a mandibular fracture? | pain; swelling; gross deformity; malocclusion of the teeth; tenderness, crepitus |
What is raccoon eyes? | echiymosis under the eyes seen in nasal fractures zygoma fractures and and blunt trauma to the face |
What are three things that we will see when assessing a mandibular fracture? | Pain when opening & closing mouth; Mandible may track laterally; Structures of TMJ may be affected |
What is a special test we might be able to do when trying to assess a mandibular fracture? | Tongue blade test |
What is the moi of a zygoma fracture? | blows to the cheek & inferior periorbital area |
What the four common signs or symptoms that may be seen with a zygoma fracture? | subconjunctival and periorbital swelling; pain with palpation; poss. step of deformity; increased pain or inablitity to do when asked to perform eye movement |
What is something that can occur concurrently with a nasal fracture? | Maxillary Fracture |
What is the chief complaint by an athlete with a maxillary fracture? | pain in midportion of face |
What will not be evident when evaluating a maxillary fracture? | deformity (not usually present) |
Palpation can cause what during eval of maxillary fracture? | crepitus at fracture site |
What is a lefort fracture? | A classification system for midface fractures |
How do you get a lefort fracture? | Result of extremely high impact forces |
How many types of lefort fractures are there? | three |
What is a lefort I? | involves just the maxillary bone |
What is a Lefort II? | involves maxilla and curves up into the nasal bone. Makes a c from the maxilla throught the nasal bone back down to the maxilla |
what is a lefort III? | crosses the zygomatic bones and the orbital bones in a straight line across; does not involve the maxilla |