Question | Answer |
CNS Lymphoma | AIDS |
Carribean, Japan | HTLV |
Nasopharyngeal T cell lymphoma | EBV Asia, South America |
B cell lymphoma | Hep C |
MALT of stomach | H. Pylori |
cutaneous MALT | Borrelia burgdorferi |
t11;14 Mantle Cell Lphoma | BCL-1, prevent apoptosis |
t14;18 Follicular Center Cell Lphoma | BCL-2, upreg prolif |
stage determined CA | Hodgkins |
CD 20+, 45+ | Lcyte Predominance Hodgkins |
Females, mediastinum involved | Nodular sclerosis, 20-70% Hodgkins |
CD 5, 20, 23 | SLL/CLL |
CD 5, 20 | Mantle cell |
CD 10, 20, 23 | Follicular cell |
CD 20, 23 | Marginal zone, malt |
t11;18 | Marginal zone, malt |
lethal midline granuloma, Asia Central America | NK/T cell Lphoma; EBV CD56+ |
erythroderma+ blood involvement | Sezary Sx |
cerebriform nuclei, Pautrier uabscess | Mycosis fungoides |
aggressive, children, mediastinum, CD3, Tdt | Lblastic Lphoma |
CD 30+, ALK+, t2;5 | Anaplastic large T cell Lphoma |
<10% plasma cell, no lytic bone lesion | MGUS |
m/c 1* bone CA, M protein, Bence-Jones, OAF | Mult Myeloma |
B-pleated sheet, Congo red stain | Amyloid |
Ig light chain | AL |
SAA acute phase reactant | AA |
m/c systemic amyloid, <60% PC, free light chain | AL |
arthritis, RA, Chronic sepsis, slower>AL | AA |
high SAA, elderly, ESRD, Crohn's, Chronic sepsis | poor prognosis |
TB, mycobacteria, fungal, sarcoid | granuloma |
monoclonal | CA causing virus |
polyclonal | DNA methylation |
CA causing viruses | HPV, EBV, HTLV |
predicts clinical outcome well | stage |
wt of detectable CA | 1g |
cell # of detectable CA | 1 billion, 30 cell division |
cell # to kill the pt | 1 kg, 1000 billion cell |
CD 133+, blast crisis | CA stem cell |
size of blood supply | 1mm req bl supply |
dominant negative mutation | p53 tumor suppressor, one loss=CA |
sis protooncogene | PDGF |
autocrine cell growth w/ PDGF | astrocytoma, osteosarcoma |
HER2/neu | EGF-R |
breast CA, ovarian CA | HER2/neu R |
ineffective EGF-R inhibitor | KRAS mutation |
ret oncogene | thyroid carcinoma, MEN |
loss of inhibitory abl domain | abl-bcr, CML |
signal transduction in 15-20% of CA | ras |
codon 12 13 | ras-GTP always active |
GTPase Activating Protein, tumor suppressor | NF-1, degrade GTP->GDP |
melanoma, NF | NF-1 |
lung CA, downregulate ras | LET7microRNA |
transcription factors | C-myc, L-myc, N-myc |
tumor suppressor, cell cycle regulator | Rb |
bind E2F transcription factor | Rb |
suppress cell cycle | Rb-E2F recruit HDACs |
inc cyclin | inc prolif thru CDK->Rb-po4 + E2F |
Rb inactivated in | retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma |
Rb inactivated by | HPV |
Knudson's hypothesis | 1 defective allele inherited, 1 more for CA |
cyclin D1 activation | bcl-1 Mantle cell, t11;14 |
ATM | ataxia telangectasia |
DNA repair proteins recruited by RAP80 | BRCA1, ABRA1 |
NER UV light | Xeroderma Pigmentosum |
BER | smoking, reactive O2, bases go 1st |
MMR | MSH2, MLH1; hi MSI-> Lynch Sx |
HR | BRCA1, BRCA2 in breast, ovarian CA |
prevent rasGTP-x->rasGDP | pt mut in codon 12 13 and NF-1 |
Ig heavy chain next to C-myc | t8;14 Burkitt Lphoma |
acetylation of histone H3 H4 | activation |
histone H3 Lys 4 methylation | active transcription |
histone H3 Lys 9 methylation | inactive transcription |
ALL1/MLL | Lys 4 methylator in ALL AML |
Molec Mech #1 | APC/MUTYH loss, Kras mut, p53 loss |
Molec Mech #1 | adenomatous polyp, M>F, Lt>rt, 60% spor, FAP |
molec Mech #2 | CIMP, BRAF1 mut, hi MSI, methylated promoter, MGMT loss |
molec Mech #2 | serrated polyp, F>M, Rt>lt, 20% spor |
molec mech #3 | mut MSH2, 6, MLH1, PMS2, HNPCC/Lynch sx |
FAP APC loss | benign polyp, 42 yo, Tx- proctolectomy |
Lynch Sx | init adenoma, 48yo, Tx- colonoscopy |
Apoptos Extrinsic pathway | TNF, Fas bind Init caspases-> Effector caspase |
Apoptos Intrinsic pathway | Bak, Bax, Bim |
anti- apop | Bcl-2 Bcl-x |
Bcl-> cytC-> | Apaf-1-> Init caspase-> effector caspase |
telomere sequence | TTAGGG |
melanoma | neural crest origin, Slug TF. |
sarcomas [bone] metastasize to | lung |
lung carcinoma metastasize to | brain |
colorectal CA metastasize to | liver |