Question | Answer |
The study of inheritance of heredity that explores | Genetics |
The sum total of genetic material of an organism | Genome |
The study of an organisms entire genome | Genomic |
A discrete cellular structure composed of a neatly packaged DNA molecule | Chromosome |
Basic Informational packets | Genes |
The sum of all types of genes constituting an organisms distinctive genetic makeup | Genotype |
The expression of the genotype that creates certain structures or functions | Phenotype |
Phosphate
Deoxyribose sugar
Nitrogeneous based | Basic unit of DNA (nucleotide) |
Prurines and pyramidines | Nitrogeneous bases |
One side of the helix runs in the opposite direction of the other: | Antiparallel |
Synthesizes a new daughter strand of DNA using the parental strands as a template | DNA polymerase III |
The place in the helix where the strands are unwound and replication is taking place | Replication fork |
A length of RNA that is inserted initially dieing replication before being replaced by DNA | Primer |
The stand of new DNA that is synthesized continously in a 5'-3' direction | Leading strand |
The Strand of new DNA that must be synthesized in short segments | Lagging strand |
Short segments of DNA synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction which are then sealed together to form 3' to 5' strand | |
DNA is used to synthesize RNA | Transcription |
RNA is used to produce proteins | Translation |
Transports the DNA master code to the ribosome | mRNA |
Brings amino acids to ribosome dieing translation | tRNA |
Forms the major part is a ribosome and participate in protein synthesis | rRNA |
Regulation of gene expression and coiling chromatin | miRNA |
Sugar is ______ rather than Deoxyribose | Ribose |
A series of triplet bases that hold the messages of the transcribed mRNA | Codons |
Contains sequences of bases that for hydrogen with the complementary sections of the same tRNA strand | tRNA |
Found in the bottom loop of the cloverleaf
Designates the specificity of the tRNA and complements the mRNA codon | Anticodon |
Long polynucleotide molecules
Forms complex 3D figure that contributes to the structure and function of ribosomes | RRNA |
The thing that unwinds or UNZIPS | Helicase |
How many phosphate groups | 1 |
How many sugar groups | 1 |
How many bases | 1 |
What is the messenger genetic code and how do you do it | The message in mRNA, through codons(groups of 3) |
A goes to | T |
U goes to | A |
G goes to | C |
DNA will always have the code | T |
RNA will always have the code | U |
The second stage of gene expression is what | Translation |
Another words for proteins | Amino acids |
Another word for amino acids | Ribosomes |
What are the three stages of translation | Initiation
Elongation
Termination |
The first 3 RNA nucleotides that signal the beginning of the message | Start codon |
One of the three codons that has no corresponding tRNA and causes translation to be terminated | Stop codon NONSENSE CODON |
the process of shifting the ribosome down the mRNA strand to read new codons | Translocation |
Intervening sequences of bases that DON'T code for proteins | Introns |
Coding regions | Exons |
Proteins begin to fold up on themselves to achieve their tertiary confirmation even before the peptide chain is released | Posttranslational |
Found only in bacteria and archaea
Coordinated set of genes regulated as a single unit | Operons |
Put back together
An event in which one bacterium donates dBase to another bacterium | Recombination |
Any organism that contains and expresses genes that originated in another organism TRAITS | recombinant |
Small circular pieces of DNA that can replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome | Plasmids |
A mode of genetic exchange in which plasmid or other genetic material is transferred from a donor to a recipient cell via a direct connection | Conjugation |
The acceptance by a bacterial call of small fragments of solvable DNA from the surrounding environment | Transformation. |
The process by which bacteriophage serve as a carrier of DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell | Transduction. |
Any change to the nucleotide sequence in the genome
the driving force of evolution | Mutation |
Small mutations that affect only a single base on a gene
Involve addition deletion or substitution of a single base | Point mutilation |
Changes a normal codon into a stop codon that doesn't code for amino acids | Nonsense mutation |
Alters a base, but doesn't change the amino acid and has no effect | Silent mutation |
Occurs when one or more bases are inserted into or deleted from a newly synthesized DNA strand
Ex:BIG SENTENCE | Frameshift mutations |