Term | Definition |
phospholipid bilayer | a double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma and organelle membranes |
chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA. |
nuclear envelope | the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell |
nucleolus | the part of the eukaryotic nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized |
ribosome | a cell organelle composed of RNA and protein, the site of protein synthesis. |
mitochondrion | in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP |
endoplasmic reticulum | a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assist in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids |
Golgi apparatus | cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell. |
lysosome | a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes and that buds from the Golgi apparatus. |
cytoskeleton | the cytoplasmic network of protein filaments and tubes that plays an essential role in cell movement, shape, and division. |
microtubule | one of the small, tubular fibers composed of the protein tubulin, that are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, tha compose the cyto skeleton, and that play a role in cell structure and movement. |
microfilament | a fiber found inside of eukaryotic cells that is composed mainly of the protein actin and that has a role in cell structure and movement. |
cilium | a hairlike structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells |
flagellum | a hairlike structure that extends from the cell so that the cell can move |
centriole | an organelle that is composed of two short microtubules at right angles to each other and that has an active role in mitosis. |