Question | Answer |
What is a cell? | The smallest unit that can perform life processes. |
Who first discovered a cell? | Robert Hooke |
What organism was 1st discovered by a microscope? | cork cells |
Leewenhoek discovered what type of organisms? | protists and bacteria |
What scientist discovered animal cells? | Theodore Schwann (?) |
The 3 parts of the cell theory are: | 1. All organisms are made of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of all living things. 3. All cells come from existing cells |
The fluid inside a cell is called…..? | cytoplasm |
The protective layer that covers the cell is…..? | cell membrane |
What are organelles? | Tiny organ like structures that are specialized to perform a specific functions |
What is DNA? | genetic material that passes on inherited characteristics |
DNA is protected inside of what? | The nucleus |
Explain the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. | prokaryotes - no nucleus; small/ single-celled organism: eukaryotes - has nucleus; multi-celluar organisms |
What are the two types of prokaryote cells? | eubacteria and archebacteria |
Explain the differences between unicellular and multicellular. | Unicellular is one cell, multicellular is more than one cell |
Cell walls are found in what types of organisms? | plants and algae |
The site of protein synthesis. | ribosomes |
Used to assist a cell in production, processing and transport of proteins | ER - endoplasmic recticulum |
What does the mitochondria do for the cell? | Provides energy |
What type of organism will you find a chloroplast in? | A plant. |
The organelle that produces energy from the sun. | A chloroplast |
Cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell. | Golgi complex |
The structure that surrounds material so the cell can move items in and out of the cell. | vacuole |
What does the lysosome do for a cell? | It digests food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders |
The organelle that stores water and other materials. | Vacuoles |
List the four levels of organization from simplest to complex. | Cell - tissue- organ - organ system |
The DNA of a cell is organized into structures called….? | chromosomes |
List the three stages of the cell cycle | Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis |
What stage of the life cycle does cell division happen? | cytokinesis |
What stage of the life cycle does DNA copying happen? | interphase |
What stage of the life cycle does a cell produce two new nucleus? | mitosis |
List the four pauses of mitosis in order | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (PMAT) |
Describe what happens during prophase. | Mitosis begins; nuclear membrane dissolves; chromosomes condense into rodlike structures |
Describe what happens during metaphase.. | chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell - homologous chromosomes pair up |
Describe what happens during anaphase. | chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell |
Describe what happens during telophase. | nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes unwind - mitosis is complete |