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Life Sci - Chapter 3
study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a cell? | The smallest unit that can perform life processes. |
| Who first discovered a cell? | Robert Hooke |
| What organism was 1st discovered by a microscope? | cork cells |
| Leewenhoek discovered what type of organisms? | protists and bacteria |
| What scientist discovered animal cells? | Theodore Schwann (?) |
| The 3 parts of the cell theory are: | 1. All organisms are made of one or more cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of all living things. 3. All cells come from existing cells |
| The fluid inside a cell is called…..? | cytoplasm |
| The protective layer that covers the cell is…..? | cell membrane |
| What are organelles? | Tiny organ like structures that are specialized to perform a specific functions |
| What is DNA? | genetic material that passes on inherited characteristics |
| DNA is protected inside of what? | The nucleus |
| Explain the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. | prokaryotes - no nucleus; small/ single-celled organism: eukaryotes - has nucleus; multi-celluar organisms |
| What are the two types of prokaryote cells? | eubacteria and archebacteria |
| Explain the differences between unicellular and multicellular. | Unicellular is one cell, multicellular is more than one cell |
| Cell walls are found in what types of organisms? | plants and algae |
| The site of protein synthesis. | ribosomes |
| Used to assist a cell in production, processing and transport of proteins | ER - endoplasmic recticulum |
| What does the mitochondria do for the cell? | Provides energy |
| What type of organism will you find a chloroplast in? | A plant. |
| The organelle that produces energy from the sun. | A chloroplast |
| Cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell. | Golgi complex |
| The structure that surrounds material so the cell can move items in and out of the cell. | vacuole |
| What does the lysosome do for a cell? | It digests food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders |
| The organelle that stores water and other materials. | Vacuoles |
| List the four levels of organization from simplest to complex. | Cell - tissue- organ - organ system |
| The DNA of a cell is organized into structures called….? | chromosomes |
| List the three stages of the cell cycle | Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis |
| What stage of the life cycle does cell division happen? | cytokinesis |
| What stage of the life cycle does DNA copying happen? | interphase |
| What stage of the life cycle does a cell produce two new nucleus? | mitosis |
| List the four pauses of mitosis in order | prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (PMAT) |
| Describe what happens during prophase. | Mitosis begins; nuclear membrane dissolves; chromosomes condense into rodlike structures |
| Describe what happens during metaphase.. | chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell - homologous chromosomes pair up |
| Describe what happens during anaphase. | chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell |
| Describe what happens during telophase. | nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes unwind - mitosis is complete |
Created by:
msparks
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